422.55.

 For purposes of this title, and for purposes of all other state law unless an explicit provision of law or the context clearly requires a different meaning, the following shall apply:

(a) “Hate crime” means a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of one or more of the following actual or perceived characteristics of the victim:

(1) Disability.

(2) Gender.

(4) Nationality.

(5) Race or ethnicity.

(6) Religion.

(7) Sexual orientation.

(8) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics.

(b) “Hate crime” includes, but is not limited to, a violation of Section 422.6.

422.56.

 For purposes of this title, the following definitions shall apply:

(a) “Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics” includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground premises owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those the characteristics listed in the definition of “hate crime” under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.

(b) “Disability” includes mental disability and physical disability disability, as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code Code, regardless of whether those disabilities are temporary, permanent, congenital, or acquired by heredity, accident, injury, advanced age, or illness. This definition is declaratory of existing law.

(c) “Gender” means sex, and includes a person’s gender identity and gender expression. “Gender expression” means a person’s gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the person’s assigned sex at birth.

(d) “In whole or in part because of” means that the bias motivation must be a cause in fact of the offense, whether or not other causes also exist. When multiple concurrent motives exist, the prohibited bias must be a substantial factor in bringing about the particular result. There is no requirement that the bias be a main factor, or that the crime would not have been committed but for the actual or perceived characteristic. This subdivision does not constitute a change in, but is declaratory of, existing law under In re M.S. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 698 and People v. Superior Court (Aishman) (1995) 10 Cal.4th 735.

(e) “Nationality” includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.

(f) “Race or ethnicity” includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.

(g) “Religion” includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.

(h) “Sexual orientation” means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality.

(i) “Victim” includes, but is not limited to, a community center, educational facility, entity, family, group, individual, office, meeting hall, person, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other victim or intended victim of the offense.

11410.

 (a) The Legislature finds and declares that it is the right of every person regardless of actual or perceived disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group with these actual or perceived characteristics, to be secure and protected from fear, intimidation, and physical harm caused by the activities of violent groups and individuals. It is not the intent of this chapter to interfere with the exercise of rights protected by the Constitution of the United States. The Legislature recognizes the constitutional right of every citizen to harbor and express beliefs on any subject whatsoever and to associate with others who share similar beliefs. The Legislature further finds finds, however, that the advocacy of unlawful violent acts by groups against other persons or groups under circumstances where death or great bodily injury is likely to result is not constitutionally protected, poses a threat to public order and safety, and should be subject to criminal and civil sanctions.

(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) “Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics” includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those characteristics listed in the definition of “hate crime” under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.

(2) “Disability” includes mental disability and physical disability as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code.

(3) “Gender” means sex, and includes a person’s gender identity and gender expression. “Gender expression” means a person’s gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the person’s assigned sex at birth.

(4) “Nationality” includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.

(5) “Race or ethnicity” includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.

(6) “Religion” includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.

(7) “Sexual orientation” means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality.