WHEREAS, California and our nation are at once blessed and enriched by the unparalleled diversity of our residents; and

WHEREAS, The Sikhs, who originated in Punjab, India, first entered California in 1899 legally through the Angel Island Immigration Station in San Francisco, California; and

WHEREAS, The Sikh pioneers initially worked on railroad construction projects, and in lumber mills; and

WHEREAS, By 1910, these pioneers turned to farming in the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Imperial valleys; and

WHEREAS, On October 14, 1912, the first Sikh temple (Gurdwara) in the United States, the Sikh Temple Stockton, was founded by Professor Teja Singh of the Pacific Coast Khalsa Diwan Society; and

WHEREAS, There are now more than 100 Gurdwaras in the United States; and

WHEREAS, The Stockton Record, dated November 22, 1915, quoted the Gurdwara’s elected leadership declaring, “We do not permit our people to become charges on public charity”; and

WHEREAS, Legislation to authorize Sikhs and other East Indian immigrants to naturalize as United States citizens was not enacted until 1946; and

WHEREAS, On January 1, 1912, Jawala Singh and Wasakha Singh, who immigrated to California through Angel Island in 1908 and served as the founding Granthis of the Sikh Temple Stockton, recognized the value of education, and started six Sri Guru Govind Singh Educational Scholarships at the University of California, Berkeley; and

WHEREAS, These scholarships were awarded without regard to ethnicity or religion and the first awardees included three Hindus, one Christian, one Sikh, and one Muslim; and

WHEREAS, Board and lodging was provided at the students’ home at 1731 Allston Way, Berkeley, where smoking and drinking were prohibited; and

WHEREAS, On November 1, 1913, Ghadar, the first Punjabi-language newspaper in the United States, was published by Kartar Singh Sarabha, who was then 17 years of age, with financial support from the Stockton Gurdwara; and

WHEREAS, On December 31, 1913, Jawala Singh and Wasakha Singh organized the Ghadri Conclave in Sacramento to form the Ghadar Party to overthrow the British colonial rulers of the Indian subcontinent; and

WHEREAS, The Ghadar Party sent 616 of its members to India, of whom 86 percent were Sikhs; and

WHEREAS, Homage is paid to them annually at a dozen different gatherings (Melas) from Sacramento, California, to Bakersfield, California; and

WHEREAS, The Sikh history and culture is represented in the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco, in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C., in the Community Memorial Museum of Sutter County, and the Museum at the Sikh Temple Stockton; and

WHEREAS, Sikh farmers contribute abundantly towards production of peaches (Didar Singh Bains), raisins (Charanjeet Singh Batth), pistachios (Mangar family), and okra and other vegetables (Harbhajan S. Samra); and

WHEREAS, Sikhs have also excelled in security services (Akal Security) and transportation services, and as doctors, attorneys, engineers, teachers, and other notable capacities, and as small business owners; and

WHEREAS, Dalip Singh Saund, a Sikh who was born in Punjab, India, and earned a Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1924, initially worked as a foreman of cotton pickers in the Imperial Valley, and later became a farmer, played a major role in raising the funds needed to lobby for the Luce-Celler Act of 1946 that enabled him and others to naturalize as citizens, and served as an elected judge in the Westmoreland Judicial District from 1952 to 1956, before becoming the first Asian American elected to the United States Congress, wherein he served three terms from 1957 to 1963; and

WHEREAS, Sikh Americans have served as mayors of many California cities, including, for example David Dhillon in El Centro, Gurpal Samra in Livingston, Amarpreet “Ruby” Dhaliwal in San Joaquin, Sonny Dhaliwal in Lathrop, and Kashmir Singh Gill in Yuba City. Numerous Sikh Americans have served as council members of California cities; and

WHEREAS, Bhagat Singh Thind, a Sikh born in Punjab, India, who was a United States veteran of World War I, who campaigned actively for the independence of India from the British Rule, and who supported Indian students and lectured on metaphysics throughout the United States, has been honored by the Fred Korematsu Institute as a “Race in the Courts Hero” for fighting his citizenship case in the United States Supreme Court in 1923; and

WHEREAS, Sikhs have served in all American wars since World War I; and

WHEREAS, Narinder Singh Kapany of Palo Alto, a Sikh born in Punjab, India, is an accomplished scientist and inventor, who has been awarded over 100 patents that spurred advances in lasers, biomedical instrumentation, pollution monitoring, and solar energy, and is widely acknowledged to be the father of fiber optics, a technology that has allowed for high-speed digital communication; and

WHEREAS, Yuba City, often called “Mini-Punjab” because of its 10 percent Punjabi population, commemorates the inauguration of the holy Sikh scripture, Sri Guru Granth Sahib, on the first Sunday of November, rain or shine, and this international event has in recent years attracted up to 100,000 participants from all over the United States, Canada, and even abroad; and

WHEREAS, Sikh Americans throughout California celebrate the coronation of Sikh scripture and other Sikh festivals at the Gurdwaras and through parades in cities across California and the United States; and

WHEREAS, Various Sikh organizations, including the Sikh Council of Central California, the Sikh Coalition, the Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund, Sikhs United, Jakara, and individual Gurdwaras participate in interfaith meetings, seminars, conferences, meetings, and functions and share the tenets of their monotheistic religion that respects other religions and welcome all to their Gurdwaras, and try to promote mutual understanding and respect among all peoples; and

WHEREAS, The Sikh American community continues to make significant contributions to the California and United States economies and societies through military service, as business owners, transportation professionals, doctors, attorneys, engineers, teachers, farmers, and in a great many other notable capacities; and

WHEREAS, Since September 11, 2001, the Sikhs are often mistaken for terrorists of Osama bin Laden’s Al Qaida owing to the commonality of beard and the turban, and subjected to a disproportionately high rate of hate crimes, and Sikh boys suffer bullying at twice the national bullying rate for other boys; and

WHEREAS, The Sikh American community continues to peacefully overcome attacks on its identity and practices, whether in the form of school harassment, employment discrimination, or fatal shootings, including the murders of six Sikhs during the Oak Creek Wisconsin Sikh Gurdwara shooting on August 5, 2012, as well as the senseless murders of Surinder Singh and Gurmej Atwal in Elk Grove, California, on March 4, 2011; and

WHEREAS, The faithful service of the Sikh American community to this state and country merits appreciation as an integral thread in the fabric of American plurality; now, therefore, be it