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AB-359 In-custody informants.(2017-2018)

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Date Published: 06/11/2018 09:00 PM
AB359:v96#DOCUMENT

Amended  IN  Senate  June 11, 2018
Amended  IN  Senate  August 24, 2017
Amended  IN  Assembly  March 16, 2017

CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE— 2017–2018 REGULAR SESSION

Assembly Bill
No. 359

Introduced by Assembly Member Jones-Sawyer

February 08, 2017

An act to amend Sections 1127a and 4001.1 of the Penal Code, relating to crime.


LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST


AB 359, as amended, Jones-Sawyer. In-custody informants.
Existing law defines an in-custody informant to mean a person, other than a codefendant, percipient witness, accomplice, or coconspirator whose testimony is based upon statements made by the defendant while both the defendant and the informant are held within a correctional institution. Existing law prohibits a law enforcement or correctional official from giving, offering, or promising to give any monetary payment in excess of $50 in return for an in-custody informant’s testimony in any criminal proceeding, as specified. Existing law requires the prosecution to file with the court a written statement prior to trial setting out any and all consideration, as defined, promised to, or received by, the in-custody informant when the prosecution calls an in-custody informant as a witness in any criminal trial.
This bill would revise the definition of an in-custody informant to refer to a person, other than a codefendant, percipient witness, accomplice, or coconspirator who provides testimony or information for use in the investigation or prosecution of a suspect or defendant based upon statements made by the suspect or defendant while both the suspect or defendant and the informant are housed within a correctional institution. The bill would require the prosecutor, when the prosecution intends to call an in-custody informant as a witness in any criminal trial, use information or testimony from an in-custody informant in any criminal prosecution, to file with the court a written statement setting out the substance of all communications between the informant and any member of the prosecution, or a law enforcement or correctional agency, regarding the informant’s possible testimony or participation in information gathering, and setting out any and all consideration impliedly or expressly offered or promised to, or requested or received by, the in-custody informant. The bill would require the statement to contain specified information, including the informant’s complete criminal history, including pending criminal charges or investigations in which the informant is a suspect, and whether the informant is a substance abuser or has a history of substance abuse. suspect. The bill would authorize disclosure of the statement to the defense to be denied, restricted, or deferred upon a showing of good cause, as defined. The bill would also revise the definition of consideration for purposes of these provisions.
This bill would expand the scope of the prohibition against a law enforcement or correctional official giving, offering, or promising to give a monetary payment to make it applicable to a member of a prosecutorial entity, among other changes. The bill would also make the provision applicable to property and gifts, among other benefits, and would limit the combined value of those benefits to $100. The bill would also make technical changes.
Vote: MAJORITY   Appropriation: NO   Fiscal Committee: NO   Local Program: NO  

The people of the State of California do enact as follows:


SECTION 1.

 Section 1127a of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1127a.
 (a) As used in this section, an “in-custody informant” means a person, other than a codefendant, percipient witness, accomplice, or coconspirator who provides testimony or information for use in the investigation or prosecution of a suspect or defendant based upon statements made by the suspect or defendant while both the suspect or defendant and the informant are housed within a correctional institution. An in-custody informant does not include a law enforcement officer or another person who engages a suspect in conversation at the specific direction of law enforcement in an attempt to gain information regarding criminal activity when the conversation is audio or video recorded under circumstances known as “Perkins Operations,” as described by the United States Supreme Court in Illinois v. Perkins (1990) 496 U.S. 292.
(b) In any criminal trial or proceeding in which an in-custody informant testifies as a witness, upon the request of a party, the court shall instruct the jury as follows:
“The testimony of an in-custody informant should be viewed with caution and close scrutiny. In evaluating such testimony, you should consider the extent to which it may have been influenced by the receipt of, or expectation of, any benefits from the party calling that witness. This does not mean that you may arbitrarily disregard such testimony, but you should give it the weight to which you find it to be entitled in the light of all the evidence in the case.”
(c) When the prosecution intends to call an in-custody informant as a witness in any criminal trial, use information or testimony from an in-custody informant in any criminal prosecution, the prosecution shall file with the court a written statement setting out the substance of all communications between the informant and any member of the prosecution, or a law enforcement or correctional agency, regarding the informant’s possible testimony or participation in information gathering, and setting out any and all consideration impliedly or expressly offered or promised to, or requested or received by, the in-custody informant. The statement shall also include all of the following:
(1) Information regarding any current or previous cases in which the in-custody informant is providing or provided testimony or information to assist in the investigation of a suspect or the prosecution of a defendant, including the substance of all communications between the informant and any member of the prosecution, or a law enforcement or correctional agency regarding the informant’s possible testimony or participation in information gathering, the nature of the information provided in that case, and what consideration was impliedly or expressly offered or promised to, or requested or received by, the in-custody informant. or prosecution of a defendant based on statements made by the defendant while both the defendant and the informant were housed within a correctional institution, including both of the following:
(A) The case number and county, if known to the prosecution.
(B) The disposition of the case and any information known to the prosecution that the individual recanted the testimony or otherwise modified the testimony or statement given regarding the culpability of the defendant.

(2)Whether at any time in another case in which the informant is providing or provided information or testimony, the informant recanted or modified the testimony or statement given.

(3)

(2) The informant’s complete criminal history, including pending criminal charges or investigations in which the informant is a suspect. suspect, if known to the prosecution.

(4)Whether the informant is a substance abuser or has a history of substance abuse.

(5)Any known or readily available information about the informant’s mental health.

(6)

(3) Any other information relevant to the informant’s credibility.
(d) The statement filed with the court pursuant to subdivision (c) shall not expand or limit the defendant’s right to discover information that is otherwise provided by law. The Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (e) or by other law, the statement shall be provided to the defendant or the defendant’s attorney prior to the preliminary hearing in a case involving a felony complaint, or prior to trial in a case involving an indictment or misdemeanor complaint. complaint, or immediately upon becoming known to the prosecution, whichever is later. The information contained in the statement shall be subject to the rules of evidence.
(e) Upon a motion by the prosecution and an order by the court, the disclosure of the statement to the defense may be denied, restricted, or deferred upon a showing of good cause, as described in subdivision (f). Upon request, the court may permit a showing of good cause for the regulation of disclosures, or any portion of that showing, to be made in camera. A verbatim record shall be made of the proceeding. If the court enters an order granting relief following a showing of good cause made in camera, the entire record of the showing shall be sealed and preserved in the records of the court and shall be made available to the appellate court in the event of an appeal or writ.
(f) The statement described in subdivision (c) may be filed under seal upon a showing of good cause. Good cause is limited to threats or possible danger to the safety of a victim or witness, the possible loss or destruction of evidence, or the possible compromise of other investigations by law enforcement.

(e)

(g) For purposes of subdivision (c), “consideration” means any plea bargain, bail consideration, reduction or modification of sentence, or any other leniency, benefit, immunity, financial assistance, reward, or amelioration of current or future conditions of incarceration in return for, or in connection with, the informant’s participation in any information-gathering activity, investigation, or operation, or in return for, or in connection with, the informant’s testimony in the criminal proceeding in which the prosecutor intends to call him or her as a witness.
(h) The requirements set forth in this section are in addition to any other requirements imposed by applicable laws.

SEC. 2.

 Section 4001.1 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

4001.1.
 (a) A member of a prosecutorial entity or a law enforcement or correctional agency shall not give, offer, or promise to give any monetary payments, property, gifts, financial assistance, benefits, rewards, or amelioration of current or future conditions of incarceration with a combined value in excess of one hundred dollars ($100) in return for or in connection with an in-custody informant’s testimony in a criminal proceeding or participation in any information-gathering activity, investigation, or operation, or both that testimony and participation. If a person receives benefits not routinely provided to other persons housed in the correctional institution and offers testimony or participates in an information-gathering activity, the documentation requirements of subdivision (c) and the disclosure requirements of subdivision (c) of Section 1127a shall apply. This section does not prohibit payments necessary to secure the informant’s presence at trial, such as expenses incurred for witness or immediate family relocation, lodging, housing, meals, telephone calls, travel, or witness fees authorized by law, provided those payments are supported by appropriate documentation demonstrating that the money was used for the purposes for which it was given. This subdivision does not prohibit the prosecutor from giving or offering any plea bargain, bail consideration, reduction or modification of sentence, or immunity in consideration for an in-custody informant’s testimony or participation in an information-gathering activity, investigation, or operation, and these types of consideration shall not be included in the consideration that is subject to the one-hundred-dollar ($100) limit, but shall be documented pursuant to subdivision (c) and disclosed as required pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 1127a.
(b) A law enforcement agency or an in-custody informant acting as an agent for the agency shall not take action, beyond merely listening to statements of a defendant, that is deliberately designed to elicit incriminating remarks.
(c) Any member of the prosecution, or a law enforcement or correctional agency who gives, expressly or impliedly offers, or promises consideration to, or receives a request for consideration from, an in-custody informant shall document do all of the following:
(1) Document in writing the substance of all communications regarding the informant’s possible testimony or participation in information gathering, and the consideration requested, given, expressly or impliedly offered, or promised. Any documentation required to be kept under this subdivision shall be transmitted
(2) Transmit any documentation created pursuant to paragraph (1) to the district attorney of the county in which the in-custody informant was or is held no less frequently than once a week and shall be made discoverable. If was housed within seven business days.
(3) If the information or testimony from the in-custody informant is used in a prosecution in a county other than the county where the informant was held when the informant gathered the information, the documentation shall additionally be transmitted additionally transmit the documentation created pursuant to paragraph (1) to the district attorney of the county where the case is prosecuted. The prosecuted, upon notification of that district attorney.
(d) A district attorney that obtains documentation pursuant to subdivision (c) shall maintain a searchable an electronic record of all documentation required under this subdivision pursuant to subdivision (c) in a format that allows for all information regarding a particular informant to be readily retrieved.

(d)

(e) As used in this section, the following definitions apply:
(1) “Consideration” has the meaning set forth in Section 1127a.
(2) An “in-custody informant” means a person described in subdivision (a) of Section 1127a.
(f) This section does not apply if a law enforcement officer or a person acting at the specific direction of a law enforcement officer engages a suspect in conversation in an attempt to gain information regarding criminal activity prior to the attachment of the suspect’s right to counsel under the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the conversation is audio or video recorded.