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(a) For purposes of this section, the following definitions apply:(1) “Agrivoltaic system” means a dual-use solar energy system and agricultural activities colocated in specified areas of land, whereby elevated solar photovoltaic panels are installed above active agricultural lands, at heights and configurations that ensure the simultaneous use of the land for agricultural activities beneath or between rows of solar photovoltaic panels.
(2) “Limited-resource farmer or rancher” has the same meaning as set forth in Section 760.107 of Title 7 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
(3) “Socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher” has the same meaning as set forth in Section 512 of the Food and Agricultural Code.
(b) (1) The commission shall award grants for agrivoltaic system projects pursuant to this section to support research and development in agrivoltaic systems.
(2) An agrivoltaic system project awarded grant funding pursuant to this section shall be used to study both of the following:
(A) The economic, social, energy, and agricultural productivity impacts of agrivoltaic systems on farms and the state’s agricultural economy, to the extent funding is available, in different regions of the state with different climate conditions, and to study the impact of agrivoltaic systems on electricity generated from solar panels.
(B) Agrivoltaic systems’ potential to reduce the impacts of extreme heat on crops, livestock, and agricultural workers.
(c) Eligible grant recipients include, but are not limited to, the University of California, the California State University, community colleges, and nonprofit organizations.
(d) The commission, in consultation with the Department of Food and Agriculture, shall develop guidelines and criteria for determining a project’s eligibility for grant funding pursuant to this section.
(e) (1) The commission shall conduct an evaluation of the grant program. For purposes of the evaluation, the commission shall do all of the following:
(A) Monitor the quality of the agricultural output of farms with agrivoltaic systems.
(B) Consider the location and diversity of agricultural production operations throughout the state.
(C) Consider impacts on crop productivity, soil health, cultivation practices, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and microclimatic conditions across diverse farming systems and agrivoltaic system designs.
(D) Consider impacts and implications for the economy, including on-farm economics and the agricultural economy, and public welfare.
(E) Assess the state’s needs for both energy and food production, available land and existing land use competition, annual solar radiation, the percentage of ground covered by solar panels, and the available area per farm that is able to support an agrivoltaic system.
(F) Assess the role agrivoltaic systems could play in meeting the state’s energy, climate, and food production goals.
(G) Assess the feasibility, cost implications, and efficiency of agrivoltaic system technology, including potential energy yields from farmland with consideration for the state’s energy demands, increased land use efficiencies, potential reductions in the amount of water required for irrigation, and the potential impact on utility rates.
(H) Assess the cost of capital investments and potential cost implications considering the full lifespan of agrivoltaic system technology.
(I) Assess and make recommendations regarding solar design and crop layout and rotations for different climates within the state, to the extent funding is available.
(J) Assess irrigation practices and technology suitable for crops used under solar panels.
(K) Assess needs for harvesting under solar panels versus traditional agriculture.
(L) Identify an appropriate length of time for the grant program to ensure meaningful results.
(M) Assess the impacts of agrivoltaic systems on wildlife.
(N) Make recommendations for solar system design and crop layout and rotations for different climates within the state to maximize the benefits for agricultural use.
(O) Establish new crop-based suitability maps with agrivoltaic installations and identify areas most suited for dual use based on climate, soil, dominant crops, and socioeconomics.
(2) The commission shall make the evaluation described in this subdivision publicly available on the commission’s internet website.
(f) The commission, in consultation with the Department of Food and Agriculture, shall do both of the following for purposes of the grant program:
(1) Optimize the benefits for farmland from projects provided grants pursuant to this section in terms of agricultural production and water savings, and optimize energy generation from the projects, so long as the requirements of this paragraph do not reduce the research value of the projects.
(2) Collaborate with farmers in the development and implementation of the grant program, including, but not limited to, limited-resource farmers or ranchers and socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers.
(g) Notwithstanding any other law, land that is zoned for agricultural use or otherwise designated as agricultural land shall not lose that designation because of an agrivoltaic system project funded pursuant to this section.
(h) The implementation of this section is contingent upon an appropriation of funds by the Legislature in the annual Budget Act or another statute for purposes of this section.