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SB-10 Pretrial release or detention: pretrial services.(2017-2018)



Current Version: 08/28/18 - Chaptered Compare Versions information image


SECTION 1.
 The Legislature finds and declares all of the following:
(a) Modernization of the pretrial system is urgently needed in California, where thousands of individuals held in county jails across the state have not been convicted of a crime and are detained while awaiting trial simply because they cannot afford to post money bail or pay a commercial bail bond company. In 2015, 63 percent of people in California jails were either awaiting trial or sentencing. In 2016, the percentage of people in California jails awaiting trial or sentencing rose to 66 percent. As compared with the rest of the country, California has relied on pretrial detention at much higher rates than other states.
(b) California’s existing pretrial detention practices allow a person’s wealth rather than the person’s likelihood of success on pretrial release to determine whether the person will remain in jail before the person’s case is resolved. Detaining people simply due to an inability to afford money bail violates the American principles of equal protection and fundamental fairness. Nationwide, the majority of people who are unable to meet money bail fall within the poorest third of society.
(c) The consequences of pretrial detention — which include a greater likelihood of innocent people pleading guilty to a crime, longer sentences upon conviction, loss of employment, income, and housing, and traumatic family disruption — disproportionately affect people of color and low-income people.
(d) The commercial money bail system, which requires people to pay nonrefundable deposits to private companies in order to secure release from jail, often leaves people in debt and drives them and their families further into poverty. The commercial money bail system does not improve rates of appearance in court or enhance public safety.
(e) California should follow the lead of the federal government and jurisdictions across the country that have stopped making wealth-based decisions on pretrial detention and instead have shifted to a system that evaluates whether an individual can be safely returned to the community as well as make required court appearances, and, if so, under what conditions.
(f) It is far more expensive to house a person in jail than to safely release him or her pending trial with conditions of release or pretrial supervision.
(g) While unnecessary pretrial detention has been found to increase the likelihood that some defendants will commit new crimes, appropriate pretrial release can reduce recidivism.
(h) Pretrial services programs have already been successfully implemented in many California jurisdictions and have helped to reduce pretrial jail populations, save money, increase rates of appearance in court, and protect the public.
(i) It  Increasing   is  the use of evidence-based practices in pretrial decisions will provide judges, law enforcement agencies, and pretrial service providers with additional tools to both assist them in assessing a defendant’s likelihood of success on pretrial release and to identify and meet the needs of those defendants and the community to ensure constitutional and statutory objectives. intent of the Legislature by enacting this measure to permit preventive detention of pretrial defendants only in a manner that is consistent with the United States Constitution, as interpreted by the United States Supreme Court, and only to the extent permitted by the California Constitution as interpreted by the California courts of review. 
(j) Modernizing pretrial practices will support the goals of the Public Safety Realignment Act of 2011 by providing additional options to manage pretrial populations using best practices developed over many years across many jurisdictions.

SEC. 2.

 Section 27771 of the Government Code is amended to read:

27771.
 (a) The chief probation officer shall perform the duties and discharge the obligations imposed on the office by law or by order of the superior court, including the following:
(1) Community supervision of offenders subject to the jurisdiction of the juvenile court pursuant to Section 602 or 1766 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.
(2) Operation of juvenile halls pursuant to Section 852 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.
(3) Operation of juvenile camps and ranches established under Section 880 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.
(4) Community supervision of individuals subject to probation pursuant to conditions imposed under Section 1203 of the Penal Code.
(5) Community supervision of individuals subject to mandatory supervision pursuant to subparagraph (B) of paragraph (5) of subdivision (h) of Section 1170 of the Penal Code.
(6) Community supervision of individuals subject to postrelease community supervision pursuant to Section 3451 of the Penal Code.
(7) Administration of community-based corrections programming, including, but not limited to, programs authorized by Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 1228) of Title 8 of Part 2 of the Penal Code.
(8) Serving as chair of the Community Corrections Partnership pursuant to Section 1230 of the Penal Code.
(9) Making recommendations to the court, including, but not limited to, presentence investigative reports pursuant to Sections 1203.7 and 1203.10 of the Penal Code, or reports prepared pursuant to Section 1320.15 of the Penal Code.
(b) The chief probation officer may perform other duties that are consistent with those enumerated in subdivision (a) and may accept appointment to the Board of State and Community Corrections and collect the per diem authorized by Section 6025.1 of the Penal Code.

SEC. 3.

 Section 1320.6 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1320.6.
 This chapter shall remain in effect only until October 1, 2019, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 4.

 Section 825 Chapter 1.5 (commencing with Section 1320.7)  is added to Title 10 of Part 2 of  the Penal Code, to read:

825.
825.
 (a) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the defendant shall in all cases be taken before the magistrate without unnecessary delay, and, in any event, within 48 hours after his or her arrest, excluding Sundays and holidays.
(2) When the 48 hours prescribed by paragraph (1) expire at a time when the court in which the magistrate is sitting is not in session, that time shall be extended to include the duration of the next court session on the judicial day immediately following. If the 48-hour period expires at a time when the court in which the magistrate is sitting is in session, the arraignment may take place at any time during that session. However, if the defendant’s arrest occurs on a Wednesday after the conclusion of the day’s court session and if the Wednesday is not a court holiday, the defendant shall be taken before the magistrate not later than the following Friday, if the Friday is not a court holiday.
(b) After the arrest, any attorney at law entitled to practice in the courts of record of California may, at the request of the detainee or any relative of the detainee, visit the detainee. Any officer having charge of the detainee who willfully refuses or neglects to allow that attorney to visit a detainee is guilty of a misdemeanor. Any officer having a detainee in charge, who refuses to allow the attorney to visit the detainee when proper application is made, shall forfeit and pay to the party aggrieved the sum of five hundred dollars ($500), to be recovered by action in any court of competent jurisdiction.
(c) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.
1.5.Pretrial Custody Status
Article  1. Definitions
1320.7.
 As used in this chapter, the following terms have the following meanings:
(a) “The court” as used in this chapter includes “subordinate judicial officers,” if authorized by the particular superior court, as authorized in Section 22 of Article VI of the California Constitution and specified in Rule 10.703 of the California Rules of Court.
(b) “High risk” means that an arrested person, after determination of the person’s risk following an investigation by Pretrial Assessment Services, including the use of a validated risk assessment tool, is categorized as having a significant level of risk of failure to appear in court as required or risk to public safety due to the commission of a new criminal offense while released on the current criminal offense.
(c) “Low risk” means that an arrested person, after determination of the person’s risk following an investigation by Pretrial Assessment Services, including the use of a validated risk assessment tool, is categorized as having a minimal level of risk of failure to appear in court as required or risk to public safety due to the commission of a new criminal offense while released on the current criminal offense.
(d) “Medium risk” means that an arrested person, after determination of the person’s risk following an investigation by Pretrial Assessment Services, including the use of a validated risk assessment tool, is categorized as having a moderate level of risk of failure to appear in court as required or risk to public safety due to the commission of a new criminal offense while released on the current criminal offense.
(e) “Own recognizance release” means the pretrial release of an arrested person who promises in writing to appear in court as required, and without supervision.
(f) “Pretrial risk assessment” means an assessment conducted by Pretrial Assessment Services with the use of a validated risk assessment tool, designed to provide information about the risk of a person’s failure to appear in court as required or the risk to public safety due to the commission of a new criminal offense if the person is released before adjudication of his or her current criminal offense.
(g) “Pretrial Assessment Services” means an entity, division, or program that is assigned the responsibility, pursuant to Section 1320.26, to assess the risk level of persons charged with the commission of a crime, report the results of the risk determination to the court, and make recommendations for conditions of release of individuals pending adjudication of their criminal case, and as directed under statute or rule of court, implement risk-based determinations regarding release and detention. The entity, division, or program, at the option of the particular superior court, may be employees of the court, or employees of a public entity contracting with the court for those services as provided in Section 1320.26, and may include an entity, division, or program from an adjoining county or one that provides services as a member of a regional consortium. In all circumstances persons acting on behalf of the entity, division, or program shall be officers of the court. “Pretrial Assessment Services” does not include supervision of persons released under this chapter.
(h) “Risk” refers to the likelihood that a person will not appear in court as required or the likelihood that a person will commit a new crime if the person is released before adjudication of his or her current criminal offense.
(i) “Risk score” refers to a descriptive evaluation of a person’s risk of failing to appear in court as required or the risk to public safety due to the commission of a new criminal offense if the person is released before adjudication of his or her current criminal offense, as a result of conducting an assessment with a validated risk assessment tool and may include a numerical value or terms such as “high,” “medium,” or “low” risk.
(j) “Supervised own recognizance release” means the pretrial release of an arrested person who promises in writing, but without posting money or a secured bond, to appear in court as required, and upon whom the court or Pretrial Assessment Services imposes specified conditions of release.
(k) “Validated risk assessment tool” means a risk assessment instrument, selected and approved by the court, in consultation with Pretrial Assessment Services or another entity providing pretrial risk assessments, from the list of approved pretrial risk assessment tools maintained by the Judicial Council. The assessment tools shall be demonstrated by scientific research to be accurate and reliable in assessing the risk of a person failing to appear in court as required or the risk to public safety due to the commission of a new criminal offense if the person is released before adjudication of his or her current criminal offense and minimize bias.
(l) “Witness” means any person who has testified or is expected to testify, or who, by reason of having relevant information, is subject to call or likely to be called as a witness in an action or proceeding for the current offense, whether or not any action or proceeding has yet been commenced, and whether or not the person is a witness for the defense or prosecution.
Article  2. Book and Release
1320.8.
 A person arrested or detained for a misdemeanor, other than a misdemeanor listed in subdivision (e) of Section 1320.10, may be booked and released without being taken into custody or, if taken into custody, shall be released from custody without a risk assessment by Pretrial Assessment Services within 12 hours of booking. This section shall apply to any person who has been arrested for a misdemeanor other than those offenses or factors listed in subdivision (e) of Section 1320.10, whether arrested with or without a warrant.
Article  3. Pretrial Assessment Services Investigation
1320.9.
 (a) Prior to arraignment, or prior to prearraignment review for those persons eligible for review, Pretrial Assessment Services shall obtain all of the following information regarding each detained person, other than those persons booked and released under Section 1320.8:
(1) The results of a risk assessment using a validated risk assessment instrument, including the risk score or risk level.
(2) The criminal charge for which the person was arrested and the criminal history of the person, including the person’s history of failure to appear in court within the past three years.
(3) Any supplemental information reasonably available that directly addresses the arrested person’s risk to public safety or risk of failure to appear in court as required.
(b) The district attorney shall make a reasonable effort to contact the victim for comment on the person’s custody status.
(c) Prior to prearraignment review pursuant to subdivision (a) or (b) of Section 1320.10 or Section 1320.13, or prior to arraignment, Pretrial Assessment Services shall prepare a report containing information obtained in accordance with subdivisions (a) and (b), and any recommendations for conditions of the person’s release. Options for conditions of release shall be established by the Judicial Council and set forth in the California Rules of Court. A copy of the report shall be served on the court and counsel.
(d) The report described in subdivision (c), including the results of a risk assessment using a validated risk assessment instrument, shall not be used for any purpose other than that provided for in this chapter.
Article  4. Release by Pretrial Assessment Services
1320.10.
 (a) Pretrial Assessment Services shall conduct a prearraignment review of the facts and circumstances relevant to the arrested person’s custody status, and shall consider any relevant and available information provided by law enforcement, the arrested person, any victim, and the prosecution or defense.
(b) Pretrial Assessment Services, using the information obtained pursuant to this section and Section 1320.9, and having assessed a person as having a low risk to public safety and low risk of failure to appear in court, shall release a low-risk person on his or her own recognizance, prior to arraignment, without review by the court, and with the least restrictive nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions that will reasonably assure public safety and the person’s return to court. This subdivision does not apply to a person booked and released under Section 1320.8 or a person who is ineligible for consideration for release prior to arraignment as set forth in subdivision (e).
(c) Pretrial Assessment Services shall order the release or detention of medium-risk persons in accordance with the review and release standards set forth in the local rule of court authorized under Section 1320.11. A person released pursuant to the local rule of court shall be released on his or her own recognizance or on supervised own recognizance release, prior to arraignment, without review by the court, and with the least restrictive nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions that will reasonably assure public safety and the person’s return to court. This subdivision shall not apply to a person booked and released under Section 1320.8 or a person ineligible for consideration prior to arraignment pursuant to subdivision (e) of this section. Pursuant to Section 1320.13, courts may conduct prearraignment reviews and make release decisions and may authorize subordinate judicial officers to conduct prearraignment reviews and make release decisions authorized by this chapter.
(d) A person shall not be required to pay for any nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions imposed pursuant to this section.
(e) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) and (b), Pretrial Assessment Services shall not release:
(1) A person who has been assessed in the current case by Pretrial Assessment Services using a validated risk assessment tool pursuant to Section 1320.9 and is assessed as high risk.
(2) A person arrested for an offense listed in paragraph (2) or (3) of subdivision (d) of Section 290.
(3) A person arrested for any of the following misdemeanor offenses:
(A) A violation of Section 273.5.
(B) A violation of paragraph (1) of subdivision (e) of Section 243.
(C) A violation of Section 273.6 if the detained person is alleged to have made threats to kill or harm, engaged in violence against, or gone to the residence or the workplace of, the protected party.
(D) A violation of Section 646.9.
(4) A person arrested for a felony offense that includes, as an element of the crime for which the person was arrested, physical violence to another person, the threat of such violence, or the likelihood of great bodily injury, or a felony offense in which the person is alleged to have been personally armed with or personally used a deadly weapon or firearm in the commission of the crime, or alleged to have personally inflicted great bodily injury in the commission of the crime.
(5) A person arrested for a third offense within the past 10 years of driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs or any combination thereof, or for an offense of driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs with injury to another, or for an offense of driving with a blood alcohol level of .20 or above.
(6) A person arrested for a violation of any type of restraining order within the past five years.
(7) A person who has three or more prior warrants for failure to appear within the previous 12 months.
(8) A person who, at the time of arrest, was pending trial or pending sentencing for a misdemeanor or a felony.
(9) A person who, at the time of arrest, was on any form of postconviction supervision other than informal probation or court supervision.
(10) A person who has intimidated, dissuaded, or threatened retaliation against a witness or victim of the current crime.
(11) A person who has violated a condition of pretrial release within the past five years.
(12) A person who has been convicted of a serious felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7, or a violent felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, within the past five years.
(13) A person arrested with or without a warrant for a serious felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7, or a “violent felony,” as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5.
(f) Review of the person’s custody status and release pursuant to subdivision (b) or (c) shall occur without unnecessary delay, and no later than 24 hours of the person’s booking. The 24-hour period may be extended for good cause, but shall not exceed an additional 12 hours.
(g) A person shall not be released on his or her own recognizance in accordance with subdivision (b) or (c) until the person signs a release agreement that includes, at a minimum, all of the following from the person:
(1) A promise to appear at all times and places, as ordered by the court.
(2) A promise not to depart this state without the permission of the court.
(3) Agreement to waive extradition if the person fails to appear as required and is apprehended outside of the State of California.
(4) Acknowledgment that he or she has been informed of the consequences and penalties applicable to violation of these conditions of release.
(5) Agreement to obey all laws and orders of the court.
(h) Persons not released pursuant to this section shall be detained until arraignment unless the court provides prearraignment review pursuant to Section 1320.13.
Article  5. Prearraignment Review by Pretrial Assessment Services or the Court
1320.11.
 (a) A superior court, in consultation with Pretrial Assessment Services and other stakeholders, shall adopt a local rule of court consistent with the California Rules of Court adopted by the Judicial Council, as described in subdivision (a) of Section 1320.25, that sets forth review and release standards for Pretrial Assessment Services for persons assessed as medium risk and eligible for prearraignment release on own recognizance or supervised own recognizance. The local rule of court shall provide for the release or detention of medium-risk defendants, support an effective and efficient pretrial release or detention system that protects public safety and respects the due process rights of defendants. The local rule shall provide Pretrial Assessment Services with authority to detain or release on own recognizance or supervised own recognizance defendants assessed as medium risk, consistent with the standards for release or detention set forth in the rule. The local rule may further expand the list of offenses and factors for which prearraignment release of persons assessed as medium risk is not permitted but shall not provide for the exclusion of release of all medium-risk defendants by Pretrial Assessment Services. The authority of the local rule of court shall be limited to determinations made pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 1320.10. On an annual basis, superior courts shall consider the impact of the rule on public safety, the due process rights of defendants, and the preceding year’s implementation of the rule.
(b) Pursuant to subdivision (d) of Rule 10.613 of the California Rules of Court, the court shall file with the Judicial Council an electronic copy of the rule and amendments to the rule adopted pursuant to this section in a format authorized by the Judicial Council.
1320.13.
 (a) The court may conduct prearraignment reviews, make release decisions, and may authorize subordinate judicial officers, as defined in Rule 10.703 of the California Rules of Court, to conduct prearraignment reviews and make release decisions authorized by this chapter.
(b) The authority for court prearraignment review and release granted by this section shall not apply to the following persons:
(1) Persons assessed as high risk.
(2) Persons charged with a serious felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7, or a violent felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5.
(3) Persons who, at the time of arrest, were pending trial or sentencing in a felony matter.
(c) When making a prearraignment release or detention determination and ordering conditions of release, the information obtained under Section 1320.9 and any recommendations and options for conditions of release shall be considered, with significant weight given to the recommendations and assessment of Pretrial Assessment Services.
(d) The court shall consider any relevant and available information provided by law enforcement, the arrested person, any victim, and the prosecution or defense before making a pretrial release or detention determination.
(e) (1) If the court finds the person appropriate for prearraignment release, the arrested person shall be released on the person’s own recognizance, or on supervised own recognizance, with the least restrictive nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions that will reasonably assure public safety and the arrested person’s appearance in court as required.
(2) A person shall not be required to pay for any nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions imposed pursuant to this subdivision.
(f) A person released on his or her own recognizance shall sign a release agreement that includes, at a minimum, all of the following from the person:
(1) A promise to appear at all times and places, as ordered by the court.
(2) A promise not to depart this state without the permission of the court.
(3) Agreement to waive extradition if the person fails to appear as required and is apprehended outside of the State of California.
(4) Acknowledgment that he or she has been informed of the consequences and penalties applicable to violation of these conditions of release.
(5) Agreement to obey all laws and orders of the court.
(g) Options for conditions of release shall be established by the Judicial Council and set forth in the California Rules of Court.
(h) The court may decline to release a person pending arraignment if there is a substantial likelihood that no condition or combination of conditions of pretrial supervision will reasonably assure public safety or the appearance of the person as required.
(i) There shall be a presumption that no condition or combination of conditions of pretrial supervision will reasonably assure the safety of any other person and the community pending arraignment if it is shown that any of the following apply:
(1) The crime for which the person was arrested was committed with violence against a person, threatened violence or the likelihood of serious bodily injury, or one in which the person committing the offense was personally armed with or personally used a deadly weapon or firearm in the commission of the crime, or personally inflicted great bodily injury in the commission of the crime.
(2) At the time of arrest, the person was on any form of postconviction supervision, other than court supervision or informal probation.
(3) The arrested person intimidated, dissuaded, or threatened retaliation against a witness or victim of the current crime.
(4) The person is currently on pretrial release and has violated a condition of release.
1320.14.
 For good cause shown, the court may, at any time by its own motion, or upon ex parte application by the arrested person, the prosecution, or Pretrial Assessment Services, modify the conditions of release, with 24 hours’ notice, unless time and circumstances do not permit notice within 24 hours.
Article  6. Release or Detention Determination at Arraignment
1320.15.
 At or prior to the defendant’s arraignment, Pretrial Assessment Services shall, if the defendant was not released pursuant to Section 1320.8, submit all of the following information for consideration by the court:
(a) The results of a risk assessment, including the risk score or risk level, or both, obtained using a validated risk assessment instrument.
(b) The criminal charge for which the person was arrested and the criminal history of the person, including the person’s history of failure to appear in court within the past three years.
(c) Any supplemental information reasonably available that directly addresses the defendant’s risk to public safety or risk of failure to appear in court as required.
(d) Recommendations to the court for conditions of release to impose upon a released defendant. Options for conditions of release shall be established by the Judicial Council and set forth in the California Rules of Court.
1320.16.
 (a) The victim of the crime for which the defendant was arrested shall be given notice of the arraignment by the prosecution and, if requested, any other hearing at which the custody status of the defendant will be determined. If requested by the victim, the victim shall be given a reasonable opportunity to be heard on the matter of the defendant’s custody status.
(b) The prosecution shall make a reasonable effort to contact the victim for comment on the defendant’s custody status.
(c) In instances where a victim cannot or does not wish to appear at the arraignment, the prosecution shall submit any of the victim’s comments on the defendant’s custody status in writing to the court.
(d) The appearance or nonappearance of the victim and any comments provided by the victim shall be included in the record.
(e) If requested by either party, the court may review and modify the conditions of the defendant’s release at arraignment.
1320.17.
 At arraignment, the court shall order a defendant released on his or her own recognizance or supervised own recognizance with the least restrictive nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions that will reasonably assure public safety and the defendant’s return to court unless the prosecution files a motion for preventive detention in accordance with Section 1320.18.
1320.18.
 (a) At the defendant’s arraignment, or at any other time during the criminal proceedings, the prosecution may file a motion seeking detention of the defendant pending a trial, based on any of the following circumstances:
(1) The crime for which the person was arrested was committed with violence against a person, threatened violence, or the likelihood of serious bodily injury, or was one in which the person was personally armed with or personally used a deadly weapon or firearm in the commission of the crime, or was one in which he or she personally inflicted great bodily injury in the commission of the crime.
(2) At the time of arrest, the defendant was on any form of postconviction supervision other than informal probation or court supervision.
(3) At the time of arrest, the defendant was subject to a pending trial or sentencing on a felony matter.
(4) The defendant intimidated or threatened retaliation against a witness or victim of the current crime.
(5) There is substantial reason to believe that no nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions of pretrial supervision will reasonably assure protection of the public or a victim, or the appearance of the defendant in court as required.
(b) The court shall hold a preventive detention hearing as set forth in Section 1320.19.
(c) Upon the filing of a motion for preventive detention, the court shall make a determination regarding release or detention of the defendant pending the preventive detention hearing. When making the release or detention determination and ordering conditions of release pending the preventive detention hearing, the court shall consider the information provided by Pretrial Assessment Services, including recommendations on conditions of release and shall give significant weight to recommendations and assessment of Pretrial Assessment Services.
(d) If the court determines there is a substantial likelihood that no nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions of pretrial supervision will reasonably assure the appearance of the defendant at the preventive detention hearing or reasonably assure public safety prior to the preventive detention hearing, the court may detain the defendant pending a preventive detention hearing, and shall state the reasons for detention on the record.
(e) (1) If the court determines there is not a sufficient basis for detaining the defendant pending the preventive detention hearing, the court shall release the defendant on his or her own recognizance or on supervised own recognizance and impose the least restrictive nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions of pretrial release to reasonably assure public safety and the appearance of the defendant in court as required.
(2) A person shall not be required to pay for any nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions imposed pursuant to this subdivision.
Article  7. Preventive Detention Hearing
1320.19.
 (a) If the defendant is detained in custody, the preventive detention hearing shall be held no later than three court days after the motion for preventive detention is filed. If the defendant is not detained in custody, the preventive detention hearing shall be held no later than three court days after the defendant is brought into custody as a result of a warrant issued in accordance with subdivision (c). If the defendant is not in custody at the time of the request for a preventive detention hearing and the court does not issue a warrant in connection with the request for a hearing, the preventive detention hearing shall be held within five court days of the request for the hearing. By stipulation of counsel and with agreement of the court, the preventive detention hearing may be held in conjunction with the arraignment, or within three days after arraignment.
(b) For good cause, the defense or the prosecution may seek a continuance of the preventive detention hearing. If a request for a continuance is granted, the continuance may not exceed three court days unless stipulated by the parties.
(c) The hearing shall be completed at one session, unless the defendant personally waives his or her right to a continuous preventive detention hearing. If the defendant is out of custody at the time the preventive detention hearing is requested, the court, upon the filing of an application for a warrant in conjunction with the motion for preventive detention, may issue a warrant requiring the defendant’s placement in custody pending the completion of the preventive detention hearing.
(d) The defendant shall have the right to be represented by counsel at the hearing. If financially unable to obtain representation, the defendant has a right to have counsel appointed. The defendant has the right to be heard at the preventive detention hearing.
(e) Upon request of the victim of the crime, the victim shall be given notice by the prosecution of the preventive detention hearing. If requested, the victim shall be given a reasonable opportunity to be heard on the matter of the defendant’s custody status.
(f) The prosecution shall make a reasonable effort to contact the victim for comment on the defendant’s custody status. In instances where a victim cannot or does not wish to appear at the preventive detention hearing, the prosecution shall submit the victim’s comments, if any, on the defendant’s custody status in writing to the court and counsel.
(g) The appearance or nonappearance of a victim, and comments provided by a victim, shall be included in the record.
1320.20.
 (a) There shall be a rebuttable presumption that no condition or combination of conditions of pretrial supervision will reasonably assure public safety if the court finds probable cause to believe either of the following:
(1) The current crime is a violent felony as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, or was a felony offense committed with violence against a person, threatened violence, or with a likelihood of serious bodily injury, or one in which the defendant was personally armed with or personally used a deadly weapon or firearm in the commission of the crime, or was one in which he or she personally inflicted great bodily injury in the commission of the crime; or
(2) The defendant is assessed as “high risk” to the safety of the public or a victim and any of the following:
(A) The defendant was convicted of a serious felony as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7 or a violent felony as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, within the past 5 years.
(B) The defendant committed the current crime while pending sentencing for a crime described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (a).
(C) The defendant has intimidated, dissuaded, or threatened retaliation against a witness or victim of the current crime.
(D) At the time of arrest, the defendant was on any form of postconviction supervision other than informal probation or court supervision.
(b) The prosecution shall establish at the preventive detention hearing that there is probable cause to believe the defendant committed the charged crime or crimes in cases where there is no indictment, or if the defendant has not been held to answer following a preliminary hearing or waiver of a preliminary hearing, and the defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence showing that he or she committed the charged crime or crimes.
(c) The court shall make its decision regarding preventive detention, including the determination of probable cause to believe the defendant committed the charged crime or crimes, based on the statements, if any, of the defendant, offers of proof and argument of counsel, input from a victim, if any, and any evidence presented at the hearing. The court may consider reliable hearsay in making any decision under this section. The defendant shall have the right to testify at the hearing.
(d) (1) At the detention hearing, the court may order preventive detention of the defendant pending trial or other hearing only if the detention is permitted under the United States Constitution and under the California Constitution, and the court determines by clear and convincing evidence that no nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions of pretrial supervision will reasonably assure public safety or the appearance of the defendant in court as required. The court shall state the reasons for ordering preventive detention on the record.
(2) Upon the request of either party, a transcript of the hearing shall be provided within two court days after the request is made.
(3) If either party files a writ challenging the decision, the court of appeal shall expeditiously consider that writ.
(e) (1) If the court determines there is not a sufficient basis for detaining the defendant, the court shall release the defendant on his or her own recognizance or supervised own recognizance and impose the least restrictive nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions of pretrial release to reasonably assure public safety and the appearance of the defendant in court as required.
(2) A person shall not be required to pay for any nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions imposed pursuant to this subdivision.
(f) Solely for the purpose of determining whether the person should be detained or to establish the least restrictive nonmonetary conditions of pretrial release to impose, the court may take into consideration any relevant information, as set forth in a California Rule of Court, including, but not limited to, all of the following:
(1) The nature and circumstances of the crime charged.
(2) The weight of the evidence against the defendant, except that the court may consider the admissibility of any evidence sought to be excluded.
(3) The defendant’s past conduct, family and community ties, criminal history, and record concerning appearance at court proceedings.
(4) Whether, at the time of the current crime or arrest, the defendant was on probation, parole, or on another form of supervised release pending trial, sentencing, appeal, or completion of sentence for an offense under federal law, or the law of this or any other state.
(5) The nature and seriousness of the risk to the safety of any other person or the community posed by the defendant’s release, if applicable.
(6) The recommendation of Pretrial Assessment Services obtained using a validated risk assessment instrument.
(7) The impact of detention on the defendant’s family responsibilities and community ties, employment, and participation in education.
(8) Any proposed plan of supervision.
(g) If a defendant is released from custody following a preventive detention hearing, the court, in the document authorizing the defendant’s release, shall notify the defendant of both of the following:
(1) All the conditions, if any, to which the release is subject, in a manner sufficiently clear and specific to serve as a guide for the defendant’s conduct.
(2) The penalties for and other consequences of violating a condition of release, which may include the immediate arrest or issuance of a warrant for the defendant’s arrest.
1320.21.
 (a) Upon a showing of newly discovered evidence, facts, or material change in circumstances, the prosecution or defense may file a motion to reopen a preventive detention hearing or for a new hearing at any time before trial. The court, on its own motion, may reopen a preventive detention hearing based on newly discovered evidence, facts, or a material change in circumstances brought to the court’s attention by Pretrial Assessment Services.
(b) Any motion for a hearing after the initial preventive detention hearing shall state the evidence or circumstances not known at the time of the preventive detention hearing or the material change in circumstances warranting a reopened or new preventive detention hearing, including whether there are conditions of release that will reasonably assure public safety and the defendant’s return to court as required.
(c) Upon request of the victim of the crime, the victim shall be given notice by the prosecution of the reopened preventive detention hearing. If requested, the victim shall be given a reasonable opportunity to be heard on the matter of the defendant’s custody status.
(d) The court may grant the motion to reopen a preventive detention hearing or for a new hearing upon good cause shown.
(e) The court’s determination regarding the custody status of the defendant shall be made in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
1320.22.
 The court may issue a warrant for the defendant’s arrest upon an ex parte application showing that the defendant has violated a condition of release imposed by the court. Upon the defendant’s arrest, his or her custody status shall be reviewed in accordance with this chapter.
1320.23.
 (a) If the court issues an arrest warrant, or a bench warrant based upon a defendant’s failure to appear in court as required, or upon allegations that the defendant has violated a condition of pretrial or postconviction supervision, the court may indicate on the face of the warrant whether, at the time the defendant is arrested on the warrant, the defendant should be booked and released, detained for an initial review, detained pending arraignment, or detained pending a hearing on the violation of supervision.
(b) If the prosecution, law enforcement, or supervising agency requests a warrant with a custody status for the defendant other than book and release, the agency shall provide the court with the factors justifying a higher level of supervision or detention.
(c) The court’s release or detention indication on the warrant shall be binding on the arresting and booking agency and the custody facility, but is not binding on any subsequent decision by a court or Pretrial Assessment Services. The indication is, however, one factor that may be considered by Pretrial Assessment Services or the court when determining the person’s custody status in subsequent proceedings.
(d) If the person is arrested on a misdemeanor warrant, the determination of the person’s custody status shall start with the procedures set forth in Section 1320.8. If the person is arrested on a felony warrant, the determination of the person’s custody status shall start with the procedures set forth in Section 1320.9.
Article  8. Administrative Responsibilities of the Judicial Council
1320.24.
 (a) The Judicial Council shall adopt California Rules of Court and forms, as needed, to do all of the following:
(1) Prescribe the proper use of pretrial risk assessment information by the court when making pretrial release and detention decisions that take into consideration the safety of the public and victims, the due process rights of the defendant, specific characteristics or needs of the defendant, and availability of local resources to effectively supervise individuals while maximizing efficiency.
(2) Describe the elements of “validation,” address the necessity and frequency of validation of risk assessment tools on local populations, and address the identification and mitigation of any implicit bias in assessment instruments.
(3) Prescribe standards for review, release, and detention by Pretrial Assessment Services and the court, that shall include a standard authorizing prearraignment detention if there is a substantial likelihood that no nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions of pretrial supervision will reasonably assure public safety or the appearance of the person as required.
(4) Prescribe the parameters of the local rule of court authorized in Section 1320.11, taking into consideration the safety of the public and the victims, the due process rights of the defendant, and availability of local resources to effectively supervise individuals while maximizing efficiency.
(5) Prescribe the imposition of pretrial release conditions, including the designation of risk levels or categories.
(b) The Judicial Council shall identify and define the minimum required data to be reported by each court. Courts shall submit data twice a year to the Judicial Council. Data will include, but not be limited to, the number of incidences in which individuals are:
(1) Assessed using a validated risk assessment tool, and the risk level of those individuals.
(2) Released on own recognizance or supervised own recognizance pursuant to:
(A) Subdivision (b) of Section 1320.10.
(B) Subdivision (c) of Section 1320.10.
(C) Section 1320.12, disaggregated by risk level.
(D) Section 1320.13, disaggregated by risk level.
(3) Detained at:
(A) Arraignment, disaggregated by risk level.
(B) A pretrial detention hearing, disaggregated by risk level.
(4) Released pretrial on own recognizance or on supervised own recognizance release who:
(A) Fail to appear at a required court appearance.
(B) Have charges filed for a new crime.
(5) Considered for release or detention at a preventive detention hearing.
(c) Pursuant to a contract under subdivision (a) of Section 1320.26, courts may require the entity providing pretrial assessment services to report the data in this section to the Judicial Council, where appropriate.
(d) On an annual basis, each court shall provide the following information to the Judicial Council:
(1) Whether the court conducts prearraignment reviews pursuant to Section 1320.13.
(2) The estimated amount of time required for making release and detention decisions at arraignment and preventive detention hearings.
(3) The validated risk assessment tool used by Pretrial Assessment Services.
(e) The Judicial Council shall do all of the following:
(1) Compile and maintain a list of validated pretrial risk assessment tools including those that are appropriate to assess for domestic violence, sex crimes, and other crimes of violence. The Judicial Council shall consult with Pretrial Assessment Services and other stakeholders in compiling the list of assessment tools.
(2) Collect data as prescribed in subdivision (b).
(3) Train judges on the use of pretrial risk assessment information when making pretrial release and detention decisions, and on the imposition of pretrial release conditions.
(4) In consultation with the Chief Probation Officers of California, assist courts in developing contracts with local public entities regarding the provision of pretrial assessment services.
(5) On or before January 1, 2021, and every other year thereafter, submit a report to the Governor and the Legislature documenting program implementation activities and providing data on program outputs and outcomes. The initial report shall focus on program implementation, and subsequent reports shall contain the data described in subdivision (b). A report to be submitted pursuant to this paragraph shall be submitted in compliance with Section 9795 of the Government Code.
(6) Develop, in collaboration with the superior courts, an estimate of the amount of time taken at arraignment to make a release or detention determination when the determination is initially made at arraignment, and the estimated amount of time required for a preventive detention hearing.
(7) Convene a panel of subject matter experts and judicial officers to carry out the responsibilities described in subdivision (a) of Section 1320.25 and make the information available to courts.
1320.25.
 (a) The panel of experts and judicial officers as set forth in paragraph (7) of subdivision (e) of Section 1320.24 shall designate “low,” “medium,” and “high” risk levels based upon the scores or levels provided by the instrument for use by Pretrial Assessment Services in carrying out their responsibilities pursuant to Section 1320.9.
(b) The Chief Justice shall designate four individuals with specific subject matter expertise on scoring pretrial risk assessment instruments and three judicial officers with criminal law expertise, one of whom shall be the chair, to serve on this panel. At least one of the experts must have expertise in the potential impact of bias in risk assessment instruments in addition to scoring risk assessments.
1320.26.
 (a) The courts shall establish pretrial assessment services. The services may be performed by court employees or the court may contract for those services with a qualified local public agency with relevant experience.
(b) Before the court decides to not enter into a contract with a qualified local public agency, the court shall find that agency will not agree to perform this function with the resources available or does not have the capacity to perform the function.
(c) If no qualified local agency will agree to perform this pretrial assessment function for a superior court, and the court elects not to perform this function, the court may contract with a new local pretrial assessment services agency established to specifically perform this role.
(d) For the purpose of the provision of pretrial assessment services, the court may not contract with a qualified local public agency that has primary responsibility for making arrests and detentions within the jurisdiction.
(e) Pretrial assessment services shall be performed by public employees.
(f) Notwithstanding subdivision (h), the Superior Court of the County of Santa Clara may contract with the Office of Pretrial Services of the County of Santa Clara to provide pretrial assessment services within the County of Santa Clara and that office shall be eligible for funding allocations pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 1320.27 and Section 1320.28.
(g) On or before February 1, 2019, the presiding judge of the superior court and the chief probation officer of each county, or the director of the County of Santa Clara’s Office of Pretrial Services for that county, shall submit to the Judicial Council a letter confirming their intent to contract for pretrial assessment services pursuant to this section.
(h) For the purposes of this section:
(1) “Pretrial Assessment Services” does not include supervision of persons released under this chapter.
(2) A “qualified local public agency” is one with experience in all of the following:
(A) Relevant expertise in making risk-based determinations.
(B) Making recommendations to the courts pursuant to Section 1203.
(C) Supervising offenders in the community.
(D) Employing peace officers.
1320.27.
 (a) On or before January 10 of each year, the Department of Finance, in consultation with the Judicial Council and the Chief Probation Officers of California, shall estimate the level of funding needed to adequately support the pretrial assessment services provided pursuant to this chapter. The estimate shall be based on a methodology developed by the Department of Finance, in consultation with the Judicial Council of California, that will incorporate the estimated number of defendants charged with a criminal offense who receive a risk assessment, direct and indirect costs associated with conducting risk assessments, and all costs associated with making release and detention decisions by the court and pretrial services. The estimate shall also reflect the direct and indirect cost of staff necessary to perform this function. The department shall publish its estimate and transmit it to the Legislature at the time of the submission of the Governor’s Budget pursuant to Section 12 of Article IV of the California Constitution.
(b) Upon appropriation by the Legislature, the Judicial Council shall allocate funds to local courts for Pretrial Assessment Services. Funds shall be allocated after consultation with key stakeholders, including court executives, representatives of employees, and the Chief Probation Officers of California. As determined by the Judicial Council, the allocation shall include a base amount to support pretrial assessment services across the state and additional funding based on appropriate criteria. The Judicial Council shall consider regional variances in costs, pay scales, and other factors when making allocation determinations. The statewide allocation of the annual funding for pretrial services shall be adopted by the Judicial Council at a public meeting and shall be published publicly.
(c) All funds for pretrial assessment services shall be spent on direct and indirect costs exclusively related to the delivery of those services. Local courts contracting for pretrial assessment services entering into contracts pursuant to Section 1320.26 shall provide al funds received through this allocation directly to the contracting public entity.
(d) Local public entities receiving an allocation pursuant to this section shall separately account for these funds and annually certify that funds have been spent in accordance with relevant state law, including the requirements of this section.
(e) Funds allocated pursuant to this section shall supplement and not supplant current local funding to support pretrial assessment services.
1320.28.
 (a) By January 10 of each year, the Department of Finance, in consultation with the Judicial Council and the Chief Probation Officers of California, shall estimate the level of resources needed to adequately support the provision of pretrial supervision services provided pursuant to this chapter. The estimate shall reflect the number of individuals being supervised and the level of supervision required. The estimate shall also reflect the direct and indirect cost of personnel necessary to provide these services. The department shall publish its estimate and transmit it to the Legislature at the time of the submission of the Governor’s Budget pursuant to Section 12 of Article IV of the California Constitution.
(b) Upon appropriation by the Legislature, the Department of Finance shall allocate funds to local probation departments for pretrial supervision services. For the purposes of this subdivision, the County of Santa Clara’s Office of Pretrial Services shall be eligible for funding within that county. In allocating the funds, the department shall consider regional variances in costs, pay scales, and other factors when making allocation determinations. Allocations shall include a base portion to support pretrial supervision across the state, and an additional amount based at least in part on the county’s population of adults between 18 and 50 years of age, and local arrest rates. The Department of Finance shall consult with the Judicial Council, the Chief Probation Officers of California, and key stakeholders, including representatives of employees, when adopting the annual allocation methodology.
(c) All funds for pretrial supervision shall be spent on direct and indirect costs exclusively related to the delivery of these services. All funds appropriated to support pretrial services shall be allocated to local entities to support pretrial supervision.
(d) Local public entities receiving an allocation pursuant to this section shall separately account for these funds and annually certify that funds have been spent in accordance with relevant state law, including the requirements of this section.
(e) Local public entities shall only be eligible for this funding when they contract with a court for the provision of pretrial assessment services.
(f) Funds allocated pursuant to this section shall supplement and not supplant current local funding to support pretrial assessment services.
1320.29.
 By January 10 of each year, the Department of Finance, in consultation with the Judicial Council, shall estimate the level of resources needed to adequately support the Judiciary’s workload under this chapter. The estimate shall reflect the number of cases where the court is making detention determinations at arraignment, the volume of preventive detention hearings, the average amount of time required to make these determinations and to conduct the hearings, administrative costs associated with contracts for pretrial assessment services, and other factors relating to the Judiciary’s workload pursuant to this act. The estimate shall also reflect average direct and indirect cost per minute of trial court proceedings. The department shall publish its estimate and transmit it to the Legislature at the time of the submission of the Governor’s Budget pursuant to Section 12 of Article IV of the California Constitution.
1320.30.
 (a) Upon appropriation by the Legislature, the Board of State and Community Corrections shall contract with an academic institution, public policy center, or other research entity for an independent evaluation of the act that enacted this section, particularly of the impact of the act by race, ethnicity, gender, and income level. This evaluation shall be submitted to the Secretary of the State Senate and the Chief Clerk of the State Assembly by no later than January 1, 2024.
(b) Beginning in the 2019–20 fiscal year, state funds shall supplement, not supplant, local funds allocated to pretrial supervision, assessments, services or other purposes related to pretrial activities, excluding detention.
1320.31.
 (a) It is the intent of the Legislature that, to the extent practicable, priority for available jail capacity shall be for the postconviction population.
(b) The Legislature finds and declares that implementation of this chapter will require funds necessary to support pretrial risk assessment services, pretrial supervision, increased trial court workload, and necessary statewide activities to support effective implementation. These funds are reflected in the most recent longer term state spending plan and will be subject to appropriation in the annual Budget Act.
1320.32.
 Commencing October 1, 2019, all references in this code to “bail” shall refer to the procedures specified in this chapter.
1320.33.
 (a) Defendants released on bail before October 1, 2019, shall remain on bail pursuant to the terms of their release.
(b) Defendants in custody on October 1, 2019, shall be considered for release pursuant to Section 1320.8, and, if not released, shall receive a risk assessment and be considered for release or detention pursuant to this chapter.
1320.34.
 This chapter shall become operative on October 1, 2019.
SEC. 2. 5. 
 It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this act to safely reduce the number of people detained pretrial, while addressing racial and economic disparities in the pretrial system, and to ensure that people are not held in pretrial detention simply because of their inability to afford money bail. To the extent practicable, Judicial Council shall coordinate with the Chief Probation Officers of California to provide training efforts, conduct joint training, and otherwise collaborate in necessary startup functions to carry out this act. 
SEC. 41. 6. 
 If the Commission on State Mandates determines that this act contains costs mandated by the state, reimbursement to local agencies and school districts for those costs shall be made pursuant to Part 7 (commencing with Section 17500) of Division 4 of Title 2 of the Government Code.

SEC. 3.

 Section 825 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

825.
 (a) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the defendant shall in all cases be taken before the magistrate without unnecessary delay, and, in any event, within 48 hours after his or her arrest, excluding Sundays and holidays.
(2) When the 48 hours prescribed by paragraph (1) expire at a time when the court in which the magistrate is sitting is not in session, that time shall be extended to include the duration of the next court session on the judicial day immediately following. If the 48-hour period expires at a time when the court in which the magistrate is sitting is in session, the arraignment may take place at any time during that session. However, when the defendant’s arrest occurs on a Wednesday after the conclusion of the day’s court session, and if the Wednesday is not a court holiday, the defendant shall be taken before the magistrate not later than the following Friday, if the Friday is not a court holiday.
(b) After the arrest, any attorney at law entitled to practice in the courts of record of California, may, at the request of the prisoner or any relative of the prisoner, visit the prisoner. Any officer having charge of the prisoner who willfully refuses or neglects to allow that attorney to visit a prisoner is guilty of a misdemeanor. Any officer having a prisoner in charge, who refuses to allow the attorney to visit the prisoner when proper application is made, shall forfeit and pay to the party aggrieved the sum of five hundred dollars ($500), to be recovered by action in any court of competent jurisdiction.
(c) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 5.

 Section 1269 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1269.
 (a) The taking of bail consists in the acceptance, by a competent court or magistrate, of the undertaking of sufficient bail for the appearance of the defendant, according to the terms of the undertaking, or that the bail will pay to the people of this state a specified sum. Upon filing, the clerk shall enter in the register of actions the date and amounts of such bond and the name or names of the surety or sureties thereon. In the event of the loss or destruction of the bond, the entries so made shall be prima facie evidence of the due execution of the bond as required by law.
(b) Whenever any bail bond has been deposited in any criminal action or proceeding in a municipal or superior court or in any proceeding in habeas corpus in a superior court, and it is made to appear to the satisfaction of the court by affidavit or by testimony in open court that more than three years have elapsed since the exoneration or release of said bail, the court must direct that the bond be destroyed.
(c) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 6.

 Section 1269 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1269.
 (a) The taking of monetary bail consists in the acceptance, by a competent court or magistrate, of the undertaking of sufficient monetary bail for the appearance of the defendant, according to the terms of the undertaking, or that the bail will pay to the people of this state a specified sum. Upon filing, the clerk shall enter in the register of actions the date and amounts of the bond, the defendant’s name, and, if applicable, the name or names of the surety or sureties thereon. In the event of the loss or destruction of the bond, the entries so made shall be prima facie evidence of the due execution of the bond as required by law.
(b) Whenever any bail bond has been deposited in any criminal action or proceeding in a municipal or superior court or in any proceeding in habeas corpus in a superior court, and it is made to appear to the satisfaction of the court by affidavit or by testimony in open court that more than three years have elapsed since the exoneration or release of said bail, the court must direct that the bond be destroyed.
(c) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 7.

 Section 1269a of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1269a.
 (a) Except as otherwise provided by law, a defendant charged in a warrant of arrest with any public offense shall not be discharged from custody upon bail except upon a written order of a competent court or magistrate admitting the defendant to bail in the amount specified in the indorsement referred to in Section 815a, and where an undertaking is furnished, upon a written order of the court or magistrate approving the undertaking. All those orders shall be signed by the court or magistrate and delivered to the officer having custody of the defendant before the defendant is released. Any officer releasing any defendant upon bail otherwise than as herein provided shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
(b) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 8.

 Section 1269a is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1269a.
 (a) Except as otherwise provided by law, a defendant charged in a warrant of arrest with any public offense shall not be discharged from custody upon monetary bail except upon a written order of a competent court or magistrate admitting the defendant to bail in the amount determined pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 1275a and where an undertaking is furnished, upon a written order of the court or magistrate approving the undertaking. All those orders shall be signed by the court or magistrate and delivered to the officer having custody of the defendant before the defendant is released. Any officer releasing any defendant upon bail otherwise than as herein provided shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
(b) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 9.

 Section 1269b of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1269b.
 (a) The officer in charge of a jail in which an arrested person is held in custody, an officer of a sheriff’s department or police department of a city who is in charge of a jail or is employed at a fixed police or sheriff’s facility and is acting under an agreement with the agency that keeps the jail in which an arrested person is held in custody, an employee of a sheriff’s department or police department of a city who is assigned by the department to collect bail, the clerk of the superior court of the county in which the offense was alleged to have been committed, and the clerk of the superior court in which the case against the defendant is pending may approve and accept bail in the amount fixed by the warrant of arrest, schedule of bail, or order admitting to bail in cash or surety bond executed by a certified, admitted surety insurer as provided in the Insurance Code, to issue and sign an order for the release of the arrested person, and to set a time and place for the appearance of the arrested person before the appropriate court and give notice thereof.
(b) If a defendant has appeared before a judge of the court on the charge contained in the complaint, indictment, or information, the bail shall be in the amount fixed by the judge at the time of the appearance. If that appearance has not been made, the bail shall be in the amount fixed in the warrant of arrest or, if no warrant of arrest has been issued, the amount of bail shall be pursuant to the uniform countywide schedule of bail for the county in which the defendant is required to appear, previously fixed and approved as provided in subdivisions (c) and (d).
(c) It is the duty of the superior court judges in each county to prepare, adopt, and annually revise a uniform countywide schedule of bail for all bailable felony offenses and for all misdemeanor and infraction offenses except Vehicle Code infractions. The penalty schedule for infraction violations of the Vehicle Code shall be established by the Judicial Council in accordance with Section 40310 of the Vehicle Code.
(d) A court may, by local rule, prescribe the procedure by which the uniform countywide schedule of bail is prepared, adopted, and annually revised by the judges. If a court does not adopt a local rule, the uniform countywide schedule of bail shall be prepared, adopted, and annually revised by a majority of the judges.
(e) In adopting a uniform countywide schedule of bail for all bailable felony offenses the judges shall consider the seriousness of the offense charged. In considering the seriousness of the offense charged the judges shall assign an additional amount of required bail for each aggravating or enhancing factor chargeable in the complaint, including, but not limited to, additional bail for charges alleging facts that would bring a person within any of the following sections: Section 667.5, 667.51, 667.6, 667.8, 667.85, 667.9, 667.10, 12022, 12022.1, 12022.2, 12022.3, 12022.4, 12022.5, 12022.53, 12022.6, 12022.7, 12022.8, or 12022.9 of this code, or Section 11356.5, 11370.2, or 11370.4 of the Health and Safety Code.
In considering offenses in which a violation of Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 11350) of Division 10 of the Health and Safety Code is alleged, the judge shall assign an additional amount of required bail for offenses involving large quantities of controlled substances.
(f) The countywide bail schedule shall contain a list of the offenses and the amounts of bail applicable for each as the judges determine to be appropriate. If the schedule does not list all offenses specifically, it shall contain a general clause for designated amounts of bail as the judges of the county determine to be appropriate for all the offenses not specifically listed in the schedule. A copy of the countywide bail schedule shall be sent to the officer in charge of the county jail, to the officer in charge of each city jail within the county, to each superior court judge and commissioner in the county, and to the Judicial Council.
(g) Upon posting bail, the defendant or arrested person shall be discharged from custody as to the offense on which the bail is posted.
All money and surety bonds so deposited with an officer authorized to receive bail shall be transmitted immediately to the judge or clerk of the court by which the order was made or warrant issued or bail schedule fixed. If, in the case of felonies, an indictment is filed, the judge or clerk of the court shall transmit all of the money and surety bonds to the clerk of the court.
(h) If a defendant or arrested person so released fails to appear at the time and in the court so ordered upon his or her release from custody, Sections 1305 and 1306 apply.
(i) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 10.

 Section 1269b is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1269b.
 (a) The officer in charge of a jail in which an arrested person is held in custody, an officer of a sheriff’s department or police department of a city who is in charge of a jail or is employed at a fixed police or sheriff’s facility and is acting under an agreement with the agency that keeps the jail in which an arrested person is held in custody, an employee of a sheriff’s department or police department of a city who is assigned by the department to collect bail, the clerk of the superior court of the county in which the offense was alleged to have been committed, a pretrial services agent, and the clerk of the superior court in which the case against the defendant is pending, may approve and accept an order authorizing pretrial release or admitting to bail, to issue and sign an order for the release of the arrested person, and to set a time and place for the appearance of the arrested person before the appropriate court and give notice thereof.
(b) Except as provided in Section 821, a person who is arrested and booked into jail for a violent felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, shall not be considered for release until the person appears before a judge or a magistrate for a hearing in accordance with Section 1275a or 1275b. The pretrial services agency shall not conduct a risk assessment or prepare a pretrial services report for any person who is arrested and booked into jail for a violent felony except in accordance with subdivision (f) of Section 1275a.
(c) Except as provided in Section 821, the pretrial services agency shall, within 24 hours of arrest, conduct a risk assessment on a person arrested and booked into jail for one of the following offenses and prepare a pretrial services report with recommendations for conditions of release, however, the person shall not be considered for release until the person appears before a judge or magistrate for a hearing in accordance with Section 1275a or 1275b:
(1) A serious felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7, except a violation of subdivision (a) of Section 460.
(2) A violation of subdivision (c) of Section 136.1, or a violation of Section 262, 273.5, or 646.9.
(3) A violation of paragraph (1) of subdivision (e) of Section 243.
(4) A violation of Section 273.6 if the detained person is alleged to have made threats to kill or harm, engaged in violence against, or gone to the residence or workplace of, the protected party.
(5) Any felony committed while the person is on pretrial release for a separate offense.
(d) Except as provided in subdivisions (b) and (c) of this section and Section 821, if a person is arrested and booked into jail, the pretrial services agency shall, immediately upon booking and, except where physically impossible, no later than six hours after booking, conduct a pretrial risk assessment on the person and prepare a pretrial services report with recommendations for conditions of release.
(e) If a person who is arrested and booked for a misdemeanor is not first released pursuant to Section 853.6, and except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (c) and (f), the person shall be released by the pretrial services agency subject to signing a release agreement under Section 1318 without further conditions. A person who is arrested and booked for a misdemeanor and who is currently on pretrial release with or without conditions shall not be eligible for release under this subdivision and shall instead be considered for release pursuant to subdivision (f).
(f) (1) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (b), (c), and (e) of this section and Section 821, upon completion of the pretrial risk assessment and preparation of a pretrial services report with recommendations for conditions of release, the pretrial services agency shall immediately transmit the pretrial services report and recommendations on conditions of release to a magistrate, judge, or court commissioner. The magistrate, judge, or court commissioner shall, no later than six hours after receipt of the pretrial services agency’s pretrial risk assessment and pretrial services report with recommendations for conditions of release, issue an oral or written order for release subject to a release agreement under Section 1318 without further conditions or subject to a condition or conditions in accordance with Section 1275a.
(2) The fact that the court has not received the report required under this section shall not preclude release pursuant to this subdivision.
(g) When an arrested person is released from custody under this section, the court in which the charge is pending may, upon a petition by either party alleging that there has been a change in circumstances, amend the release order to impose different or additional conditions of release at the time of arraignment.
(h) If the judge or magistrate orders the pretrial release of a person under this section, the person shall be released with or without conditions in accordance with Section 1318.
(i) An arrested person who is not released under this section shall be considered for release pursuant to Section 1275a or 1275b within the time period prescribed in Section 825.
(j) The judicial duties to be performed under this section are “subordinate judicial duties” within the meaning of Section 22 of Article VI of the California Constitution and may be performed by appointed officers such as court commissioners.
(k) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 11.

 Section 1269c of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1269c.
 (a) If a defendant is arrested without a warrant for a bailable felony offense or for the misdemeanor offense of violating a domestic violence restraining order, and a peace officer has reasonable cause to believe that the amount of bail set forth in the schedule of bail for that offense is insufficient to ensure the defendant’s appearance or to ensure the protection of a victim, or family member of a victim, of domestic violence, the peace officer shall prepare a declaration under penalty of perjury setting forth the facts and circumstances in support of his or her belief and file it with a magistrate, as defined in Section 808, or his or her commissioner, in the county in which the offense is alleged to have been committed or having personal jurisdiction over the defendant, requesting an order setting a higher bail. Except where the defendant is charged with an offense listed in subdivision (a) of Section 1270.1, the defendant, either personally or through his or her attorney, friend, or family member, also may make application to the magistrate for release on bail lower than that provided in the schedule of bail or on his or her own recognizance. The magistrate or commissioner to whom the application is made is authorized to set bail in an amount that he or she deems sufficient to ensure the defendant’s appearance or to ensure the protection of a victim, or family member of a victim, of domestic violence, and to set bail on the terms and conditions that he or she, in his or her discretion, deems appropriate, or he or she may authorize the defendant’s release on his or her own recognizance. If, after the application is made, no order changing the amount of bail is issued within eight hours after booking, the defendant shall be entitled to be released on posting the amount of bail set forth in the applicable bail schedule.
(b) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 12.

 Section 1269c is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1269c.
 (a) If a defendant is arrested without a warrant for a bailable felony offense or for the misdemeanor offense of violating a domestic violence restraining order, and a peace officer has reasonable cause to believe that release subject to a release agreement under Section 1318 without further conditions is insufficient to ensure the defendant’s appearance or to ensure the protection of a victim, or family member of a victim, of domestic violence, the peace officer shall, no later than six hours after the arrest, prepare a declaration under penalty of perjury setting forth the facts and circumstances in support of his or her belief and file it with a magistrate, as defined in Section 808, or his or her commissioner, in the county in which the offense is alleged to have been committed or having personal jurisdiction over the defendant, requesting an order pursuant to subdivision (f) of Section 1269b imposing a condition or conditions of release.
(b) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 13.

 Section 1270 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1270.
 (a) Any person who has been arrested for, or charged with, an offense other than a capital offense may be released on his or her own recognizance by a court or magistrate who could release a defendant from custody upon the defendant giving bail, including a defendant arrested upon an out-of-county warrant. A defendant who is in custody and is arraigned on a complaint alleging an offense which is a misdemeanor, and a defendant who appears before a court or magistrate upon an out-of-county warrant arising out of a case involving only misdemeanors, shall be entitled to an own recognizance release unless the court makes a finding on the record, in accordance with Section 1275, that an own recognizance release will compromise public safety or will not reasonably assure the appearance of the defendant as required. Public safety shall be the primary consideration. If the court makes one of those findings, the court shall then set bail and specify the conditions, if any, whereunder the defendant shall be released.
(b) Article 9 (commencing with Section 1318) shall apply to any person who is released pursuant to this section.
(c) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 14.

 Section 1270.1 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1270.1.
 (a) Except as provided in subdivision (e), before any person who is arrested for any of the following crimes may be released on bail in an amount that is either more or less than the amount contained in the schedule of bail for the offense, or may be released on his or her own recognizance, a hearing shall be held in open court before the magistrate or judge:
(1) A serious felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7, or a violent felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, but not including a violation of subdivision (a) of Section 460 (residential burglary).
(2) A violation of Section 136.1 where punishment is imposed pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 136.1, Section 262, 273.5, or 422 where the offense is punished as a felony, or Section 646.9.
(3) A violation of paragraph (1) of subdivision (e) of Section 243.
(4) A violation of Section 273.6 if the detained person made threats to kill or harm, has engaged in violence against, or has gone to the residence or workplace of, the protected party.
(b) The prosecuting attorney and defense attorney shall be given a two-court-day written notice and an opportunity to be heard on the matter. If the detained person does not have counsel, the court shall appoint counsel for purposes of this section only. The hearing required by this section shall be held within the time period prescribed in Section 825.
(c) At the hearing, the court shall consider evidence of past court appearances of the detained person, the maximum potential sentence that could be imposed, and the danger that may be posed to other persons if the detained person is released. In making the determination whether to release the detained person on his or her own recognizance, the court shall consider the potential danger to other persons, including threats that have been made by the detained person and any past acts of violence. The court shall also consider any evidence offered by the detained person regarding his or her ties to the community and his or her ability to post bond.
(d) If the judge or magistrate sets the bail in an amount that is either more or less than the amount contained in the schedule of bail for the offense, the judge or magistrate shall state the reasons for that decision and shall address the issue of threats made against the victim or witness, if they were made, in the record. This statement shall be included in the record.
(e) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), a judge or magistrate, pursuant to Section 1269c, may, with respect to a bailable felony offense or a misdemeanor offense of violating a domestic violence order, increase bail to an amount exceeding that set forth in the bail schedule without a hearing, provided an oral or written declaration of facts justifying the increase is presented under penalty of perjury by a sworn peace officer.
(f) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 15.

 Section 1270.2 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1270.2.
 (a) When a person is detained in custody on a criminal charge prior to conviction for want of bail, that person is entitled to an automatic review of the order fixing the amount of the bail by the judge or magistrate having jurisdiction of the offense. That review shall be held not later than five days from the time of the original order fixing the amount of bail on the original accusatory pleading. The defendant may waive this review.
(b) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 16.

 Section 1275 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1275.
 (a) (1) In setting, reducing, or denying bail, a judge or magistrate shall take into consideration the protection of the public, the seriousness of the offense charged, the previous criminal record of the defendant, and the probability of his or her appearing at trial or at a hearing of the case. The public safety shall be the primary consideration. In setting bail, a judge or magistrate may consider factors such as the information included in a report prepared in accordance with Section 1318.1.
(2) In considering the seriousness of the offense charged, a judge or magistrate shall include consideration of the alleged injury to the victim, and alleged threats to the victim or a witness to the crime charged, the alleged use of a firearm or other deadly weapon in the commission of the crime charged, and the alleged use or possession of controlled substances by the defendant.
(b) In considering offenses wherein a violation of Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 11350) of Division 10 of the Health and Safety Code is alleged, a judge or magistrate shall consider the following: (1) the alleged amounts of controlled substances involved in the commission of the offense, and (2) whether the defendant is currently released on bail for an alleged violation of Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 11350) of Division 10 of the Health and Safety Code.
(c) Before a court reduces bail to below the amount established by the bail schedule approved for the county, in accordance with subdivisions (b) and (c) of Section 1269b, for a person charged with a serious felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1192.7, or a violent felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, the court shall make a finding of unusual circumstances and shall set forth those facts on the record. For purposes of this subdivision, “unusual circumstances” does not include the fact that the defendant has made all prior court appearances or has not committed any new offenses.
(d) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 17.

 Section 1275 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1275.
 (a) (1) In making a pretrial release or detention decision pursuant to Section 1275a or 1275b, a judge or magistrate shall take into consideration the protection of the public, the seriousness of the offense charged, the previous criminal record of the defendant, the probability of his or her appearing at trial or at a hearing of the case, and the presumption of innocence. The public safety, the safety of the victim, and the probability of the accused appearing in court as required shall be the primary considerations.
(2) In considering the seriousness of the offense charged, a judge or magistrate shall include consideration of the alleged injury to the victim, alleged threats to the victim or a witness to the crime charged, and the alleged use of a firearm or other deadly weapon in the commission of the crime charged.
(3) It shall be the duty of the court to determine what condition or conditions will ensure the safety of the community, secure the defendant’s appearance at trial or at a hearing of the case, and facilitate pretrial release. If, pursuant to Section 1275b, the court finds that no conditions will reasonably ensure the defendant’s appearance in court or at a hearing of the court and protect public safety, the court shall issue an order with findings of fact and a statement explaining what condition or conditions it considered and why those conditions were inadequate.
(b) The judge or magistrate shall make a pretrial release or detention decision for a person without unnecessary delay, and in any event, within the time period prescribed in Section 825.
(c) In making a pretrial release decision pursuant to Section 1275a, the judge or magistrate shall consider the pretrial services agency’s risk assessment, recommendations on conditions of release, and the pretrial services report in accordance with Section 1318.3. If a judge or magistrate’s release decision is not consistent with the pretrial services program’s risk assessment and recommendations on conditions of release, the judge or magistrate shall include in its order for release a statement of the reasons.
(d) In making a pretrial detention decision following a detention hearing pursuant to Section 1275b, a judge or magistrate shall not consider the pretrial services agency’s risk assessment or the results of the risk assessment and shall instead determine whether the person meets the description of subdivision (a) of Section 1275b, pursuant to Section 12 of Article 1 of the California Constitution.
(e) If a person is arrested for a serious felony, the prosecutor shall provide notice of the hearing required by Section 1275a or 1275b to the alleged victim or next of kin of the alleged victim of the offense for which the person was arrested, pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (f) of Section 28 of Article I of the California Constitution.
(f) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 18.

 Section 1275a is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1275a.
 (a) Except as provided in subdivision (f) and Section 1275b, at the arraignment of a person who is in custody, the judge or magistrate shall, after considering the pretrial services report with recommendations for conditions of release and any relevant information provided by the prosecuting attorney or the defendant, order the pretrial release of the person subject to a release agreement under Section 1318 without further conditions, unless the judge or magistrate determines that the release will not reasonably ensure the appearance of the person as required, the safety of the victim, or public safety. If the judge or magistrate releases the person subject to a release agreement under Section 1318 without further conditions, the reasons for that decision shall be stated in the record and included in the court’s minutes.
(b) (1) If, after considering the pretrial services report with recommendations for conditions of release and any relevant information provided by the prosecuting attorney or the defendant, the judge or magistrate determines that the release described in subdivision (a) will not reasonably ensure the appearance of the person as required, the safety of the victim, or public safety, the judge or magistrate shall order pretrial release subject to a release agreement under Section 1318 and to the least restrictive further nonmonetary condition or conditions that the judge or magistrate determines will reasonably ensure the appearance of the person as required, the safety of the victim, and public safety. The judge or magistrate shall include in its release order findings of fact and a statement of the reasons for the determination that the release described in subdivision (a) is not appropriate and the reasons for imposing each condition that are specific to the person before the court.
(2) The judge or magistrate shall not be required to specify the reasons for ordering that the defendant be provided either of the following services upon release:
(A) A reminder notification to come to court.
(B) Assistance with transportation to and from court.
(3) (A) If a person for whom any nonmonetary condition or combination of conditions is imposed has the financial ability to pay all or part of the costs associated with that condition or conditions, the court may order the defendant to pay a reasonable fee, which shall not exceed the actual cost of the condition or conditions. Inability to pay all or a portion of the costs shall not serve as grounds to impose more restrictive conditions.
(B) In cases of fraud or embezzlement prohibited in Section 186.11, the prosecutor may seek the remedies provided in that section to preserve property or assets in the control of the defendant or transferred by that person to a third party subsequent to the alleged commission of the crime.
(c) (1) If, after considering the pretrial services report with recommendations for conditions of release and any relevant information provided by the prosecuting attorney or the defendant, the judge or magistrate determines that the release described in subdivision (b) will not reasonably ensure the appearance of the person as required, the judge or magistrate shall set monetary bail as determined pursuant to paragraph (2). The court may also order monetary bail in combination with the least restrictive nonmonetary condition or combination of nonmonetary conditions that the judge or magistrate determines will reasonably ensure the appearance of the person as required, the safety of the victim, and public safety.
(2) (A) Monetary bail shall be set at the least restrictive level necessary to ensure the appearance of the defendant in court as required. In setting monetary bail, the court shall conduct an inquiry into the person’s ability to pay.
(B) For purposes of this paragraph, “ability to pay” means the defendant’s ability as defined in paragraph (2) of subdivision (g) of Section 987.8 or as defined by the California Rules of Court developed by the Judicial Council for this purpose.
(3) A judge or magistrate shall not set monetary bail in an amount that results in the pretrial detention of a defendant solely because of his or her inability to pay.
(d) If the defendant has not retained counsel, the court shall offer to appoint counsel to represent him or her at his or her arraignment. If the defendant requests that counsel be appointed, or if the court finds that the defendant is not competent to represent himself or herself, the court shall appoint counsel.
(e) The fact that the court has not received the report at the time of release consideration shall not preclude that release.
(f) (1) For a defendant charged with a violent felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, the pretrial services agency shall conduct a pretrial risk assessment and prepare a pretrial services report only if the defendant, either directly or through counsel if the person is represented by counsel, requests a pretrial risk assessment and report.
(2) If the defendant requests a pretrial risk assessment, the assessment and report shall be completed within 12 hours, and within 24 hours the defendant shall be considered for release pursuant to subdivisions (a), (b), and (c).
(g) A defendant for whom conditions of release are imposed and who, five days after the imposition of the conditions, continues to be detained as a result of an inability to meet the conditions of release, shall be entitled to an automatic review of the conditions by the court. The defendant may waive this review.
(h) For purposes of this section, “least restrictive” means those release terms necessary to reasonably ensure the appearance of the specific person, the safety of the victim, and public safety, as determined by the court.
(i) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 19.

 Section 1275b is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1275b.
 (a) A prosecuting attorney may file a motion with the court at any time, including any time before or after a defendant’s release pursuant to Section 1269b, seeking the pretrial detention of the defendant in any of the following circumstances:
(1) The defendant is charged with a capital crime and the prosecuting attorney alleges that the facts are evident or the presumption great.
(2) The defendant is charged with a felony offense involving acts of violence on another person, or a felony sexual assault offense on another person and the prosecuting attorney alleges all of the following:
(A) The facts are evident or the presumption great.
(B) There is no condition or combination of conditions of pretrial release that would reasonably ensure the physical safety of another person or persons.
(C) There is a substantial likelihood the defendant’s release would result in great bodily harm to others.
(3) The defendant is charged with a felony offense and the prosecuting attorney alleges all of the following:
(A) The facts are evident or the presumption great.
(B) The defendant has threatened another with great bodily harm.
(C) There is no condition or combination of conditions of pretrial release that would reasonably ensure the safety of the person who has been threatened.
(D) There is a substantial likelihood that the defendant would carry out the threat if released.
(b) (1) If a motion for pretrial detention is filed pursuant to subdivision (a), a hearing shall be held before a magistrate or judge to determine whether to release the defendant pending trial unless the hearing is waived by the defendant, either directly or, if he or she is represented by counsel, through counsel. The defense attorney shall be given notice and a reasonable opportunity to be heard on the matter. If the defendant does not have counsel, the court shall appoint counsel. The hearing shall be held within 48 hours after filing the motion unless waived by the defendant either directly or, if represented by counsel, through counsel.
(2) If the defendant waives a hearing under this section and a pretrial risk assessment was conducted and a pretrial services report was prepared, they shall not be provided to the parties named in paragraph (2) of subdivision (f) and the defendant shall be ordered detained.
(c) The defendant shall be afforded an opportunity to present witnesses, to cross-examine witnesses who appear at the hearing, and to present relevant evidence.
(d) In determining whether the facts are evident or the presumption great as specified in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subdivision (a), the finding of an indictment or a holding order shall not add to the strength of the proof or create a presumption that the facts are evident or the presumption great.
(e) In making the determination whether there is a substantial likelihood that the defendant’s release would result in great bodily harm to others, as specified in subparagraph (C) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (a), or whether there is a substantial likelihood that the defendant would carry out the threat of great bodily harm if released, as specified in subparagraph (D) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a), the court shall consider all of the following:
(1) If any condition or combination of conditions of pretrial release would reasonably ensure the physical safety of another person or persons from great bodily harm.
(2) The nature and seriousness of the physical harm to any person or persons that might be posed by the defendant’s release.
(3) Any relevant history or facts about the defendant that directly correspond to whether his or her release is likely to result in great bodily harm to others, as specified in subparagraph (C) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (a), or to the threatened person, as specified in subparagraph (D) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a).
(f) In addition to the above factors, the court shall consider all of the following:
(1) The protection of the public.
(2) The safety of the victim.
(3) The nature and circumstances of the offense charged.
(4) The weight of the evidence against the defendant.
(5) The previous criminal record of the defendant.
(6) The probability of the defendant appearing at the trial or hearing of the case.
(7) The presumption of innocence and the presumption of release pending trial.
(g) If, after considering any relevant evidence provided by the prosecuting attorney or the defendant, and if no condition or combination of conditions would reasonably ensure the safety of another person or persons from great bodily harm, the court shall order the person detained pending trial only if, pursuant to Section 12 of Article 1 of the Constitution, the court finds that the defendant meets one of the following descriptions:
(1) The defendant has been charged with a capital crime and the facts are evident or the presumption great.
(2) The defendant has been charged with a felony offense involving an act of violence on another person, or a felony sexual assault offense on another person, the facts are evident or the presumption great, and the court finds based upon clear and convincing evidence that there is a substantial likelihood the person’s release would result in great bodily harm to another person or persons.
(3) The defendant has been charged with a felony offense, the facts are evident or the presumption great, and the court finds based on clear and convincing evidence that the person has threatened another with great bodily harm in the charged case and that there is a substantial likelihood that the person would carry out the threat if released.
(h) In a detention order issued under subdivision (g), the court shall include findings of fact and a statement of the reasons for the detention, including the specific likelihood of great bodily harm, if applicable, and why no condition or conditions could reasonably mitigate that likelihood.
(i) If the court does not order the pretrial detention of the person at the conclusion of the hearing under this section, pretrial services shall conduct a risk assessment and prepare a pretrial services report with recommendations for conditions of release and the court shall order the release of the person, with or without conditions, pursuant to Section 1275a.
(j) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 20.

 Section 1275.1 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1275.1.
 (a) Bail, pursuant to this chapter, shall not be accepted unless a judge or magistrate finds that no portion of the consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution was feloniously obtained.
(b) A hold on the release of a defendant from custody shall only be ordered by a magistrate or judge if any of the following occurs:
(1) A peace officer, as defined in Section 830, files a declaration executed under penalty of perjury setting forth probable cause to believe that the source of any consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution was feloniously obtained.
(2) A prosecutor files a declaration executed under penalty of perjury setting forth probable cause to believe that the source of any consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution was feloniously obtained. A prosecutor shall have absolute civil immunity for executing a declaration pursuant to this paragraph.
(3) The magistrate or judge has probable cause to believe that the source of any consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution was feloniously obtained.
(c) Once a magistrate or judge has determined that probable cause exists, as provided in subdivision (b), a defendant bears the burden by a preponderance of the evidence to show that no part of any consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution was obtained by felonious means. Once a defendant has met such burden, the magistrate or judge shall release the hold previously ordered and the defendant shall be released under the authorized amount of bail.
(d) The defendant and his or her attorney shall be provided with a copy of the declaration of probable cause filed under subdivision (b) no later than the date set forth in Section 825.
(e) Nothing in this section shall prohibit a defendant from obtaining a loan of money so long as the loan will be funded and repaid with funds not feloniously obtained.
(f) At the request of any person providing any portion of the consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution, the magistrate or judge, at an evidentiary hearing to determine the source of the funds, may close it to the general public to protect the person’s right to privacy in his or her financial affairs.
(g) If the declaration, having been filed with a magistrate or judge, is not acted on within 24 hours, the defendant shall be released from custody upon posting of the amount of bail set.
(h) Nothing in this code shall deny the right of the defendant, either personally or through his or her attorney, bail agent licensed by the Department of Insurance, admitted surety insurer licensed by the Department of Insurance, friend, or member of his or her family from making an application to the magistrate or judge for the release of the defendant on bail.
(i) The bail of any defendant found to have willfully misled the court regarding the source of bail may be increased as a result of the willful misrepresentation. The misrepresentation may be a factor considered in any subsequent bail hearing.
(j) If a defendant has met the burden under subdivision (c), and a defendant will be released from custody upon the issuance of a bail bond issued pursuant to authority of Section 1269 or 1269b by any admitted surety insurer or any bail agent, approved by the Insurance Commissioner, the magistrate or judge shall vacate the holding order imposed under subdivision (b) upon the condition that the consideration for the bail bond is approved by the court.
(k) As used in this section, “feloniously obtained” means any consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution which is possessed, received, or obtained through an unlawful act, transaction, or occurrence constituting a felony.
(l) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 21.

 Section 1275.1 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1275.1.
 (a) Monetary bail, pursuant to this chapter, shall not be accepted unless a judge or magistrate finds that no portion of the consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution was feloniously obtained.
(b) A hold on the release of a defendant from custody shall only be ordered by a magistrate or judge if any of the following occurs:
(1) A peace officer, as defined in Section 830, files a declaration executed under penalty of perjury setting forth probable cause to believe that the source of any consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution was feloniously obtained.
(2) A prosecutor files a declaration executed under penalty of perjury setting forth probable cause to believe that the source of any consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution was feloniously obtained. A prosecutor shall have absolute civil immunity for executing a declaration pursuant to this paragraph.
(3) The magistrate or judge has probable cause to believe that the source of any consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution was feloniously obtained.
(c) Once a magistrate or judge has determined that probable cause exists, as provided in subdivision (b), a defendant bears the burden by a preponderance of the evidence to show that no part of any consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution was obtained by felonious means. Once a defendant has met such burden, the magistrate or judge shall release the hold previously ordered and the defendant shall be released under the authorized amount of bail.
(d) The defendant and his or her attorney shall be provided with a copy of the declaration of probable cause filed under subdivision (b) no later than the date set forth in Section 825.
(e) Nothing in this section shall prohibit a defendant from obtaining a loan of money so long as the loan will be funded and repaid with funds not feloniously obtained.
(f) At the request of any person providing any portion of the consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution, the magistrate or judge, at an evidentiary hearing to determine the source of the funds, may close it to the general public to protect the person’s right to privacy in his or her financial affairs.
(g) If the declaration, having been filed with a magistrate or judge, is not acted on within 24 hours, the defendant shall be released from custody upon posting of the amount of bail set.
(h) Nothing in this code shall deny the right of the defendant, either personally or through his or her attorney, bail agent licensed by the Department of Insurance, admitted surety insurer licensed by the Department of Insurance, friend, or member of his or her family from making an application to the magistrate or judge for the release of the defendant on monetary bail.
(i) The bail of any defendant found to have willfully misled the court regarding the source of bail may be increased as a result of the willful misrepresentation, so long as the amount conforms with subdivision (c) of Section 1275a. The misrepresentation may be a factor considered in any subsequent bail hearing.
(j) If a defendant has met the burden under subdivision (c), and a defendant will be released from custody upon the issuance of a bail bond issued pursuant to authority of Section 1269 by any admitted surety insurer or any bail agent, approved by the Insurance Commissioner, the magistrate or judge shall vacate the holding order imposed under subdivision (b) upon the condition that the consideration for the bail bond is approved by the court.
(k) As used in this section, “feloniously obtained” means any consideration, pledge, security, deposit, or indemnification paid, given, made, or promised for its execution which is possessed, received, or obtained through an unlawful act, transaction, or occurrence constituting a felony.
(l) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 22.

 Section 1277 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1277.
 (a) When the defendant has been held to answer upon an examination for a public offense, the admission to bail may be by the magistrate by whom he or she is so held, or by any magistrate who has power to issue the writ of habeas corpus.
(b) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 23.

 Section 1277 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1277.
 (a) When the defendant has been held to answer upon an examination for a public offense, pretrial release pursuant to Section 1275a or admission to bail may be by the magistrate by whom he or she is so held, or by any magistrate who has power to issue the writ of habeas corpus.
(b) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 24.

 Section 1278 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1278.
 (a) Bail is put in by a written undertaking, executed by two sufficient sureties (with or without the defendant, in the discretion of the magistrate), and acknowledged before the court or magistrate, in substantially the following form:
An order having been made on the ____ day of ____, 20__, by ____, a judge of the ____ Court of ____ County, that ____ be held to answer upon a charge of (stating briefly the nature of the offense), upon which he or she has been admitted to bail in the sum of ____ dollars ($____); we, ____ and ____, of ____ (stating their place of residence and occupation), hereby undertake that the above-named ____ will appear and answer any charge in any accusatory pleading based upon the acts supporting the charge above mentioned, in whatever court it may be prosecuted, and will at all times hold himself or herself amenable to the orders and process of the court, and if convicted, will appear for pronouncement of judgment or grant of probation, or if he or she fails to perform either of these conditions, that we will pay to the people of the State of California the sum of ____ dollars ($____) (inserting the sum in which the defendant is admitted to bail). If the forfeiture of this bond be ordered by the court, judgment may be summarily made and entered forthwith against the said (naming the sureties), and the defendant if he or she be a party to the bond, for the amount of their respective undertakings herein, as provided by Sections 1305 and 1306.
(b) Every undertaking of bail shall contain the bail agent license number of the owner of the bail agency issuing the undertaking along with the name, address, and phone number of the agency, regardless of whether the owner is an individual, partnership, or corporation. The bail agency name on the undertaking shall be a business name approved by the Insurance Commissioner for use by the bail agency owner, and be so reflected in the public records of the commissioner. The license number of the bail agent appearing on the undertaking shall be in the same type size as the name, address, and phone number of the agency.
(c) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 25.

 Section 1278 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1278.
 (a) (1) Upon a finding that monetary bail should be set pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 1275a, the defendant may execute an unsecured appearance bond or a secured bond in the amount specified by the court. The court may require, and the defendant may request, that an unsecured appearance bond be signed by uncompensated third parties.
(2) For the purposes of this subdivision, “unsecured appearance bond” means an order to release a person upon his or her promise to appear in court and his or her unsecured promise to pay an amount of money, specified by the court, if he or she fails to appear as promised.
(b) A secured bond is put in by a written undertaking, executed by two sufficient sureties (with or without the defendant, in the discretion of the magistrate), and acknowledged before the court or magistrate, in substantially the following form:
An order having been made on the ____ day of ____, 20__, by ____, a judge of the ____ Court of ____ County, that ____ be held to answer upon a charge of (stating briefly the nature of the offense), upon which he or she has been admitted to bail in the sum of ____ dollars ($____); we, ____ and ____, of ____ (stating their place of residence and occupation), hereby undertake that the above-named ____ will appear and answer any charge in any accusatory pleading based upon the acts supporting the charge above mentioned, in whatever court it may be prosecuted, and will at all times hold himself or herself amenable to the orders and process of the court, and if convicted, will appear for pronouncement of judgment or grant of probation, or if he or she fails to perform either of these conditions, that we will pay to the people of the State of California the sum of ____ dollars ($____) (inserting the sum in which the defendant is admitted to bail). If the forfeiture of this bond be ordered by the court, judgment may be summarily made and entered forthwith against the said (naming the sureties), and the defendant if he or she be a party to the bond, for the amount of their respective undertakings herein, as provided by Sections 1305 and 1306.
(c) Every undertaking of bail shall contain the bail agent license number of the owner of the bail agency issuing the undertaking along with the name, address, and phone number of the agency, regardless of whether the owner is an individual, partnership, or corporation. The bail agency name on the undertaking shall be a business name approved by the Insurance Commissioner for use by the bail agency owner, and be so reflected in the public records of the commissioner. The license number of the bail agent appearing on the undertaking shall be in the same type size as the name, address, and phone number of the agency.
(d) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 26.

 Section 1284 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1284.
 (a) When the offense charged is not punishable with death, the officer serving the bench warrant must, if required, take the defendant before a magistrate in the county in which it is issued, or in which he or she is arrested, for the purpose of giving bail. If the defendant appears before the magistrate without the bench warrant having been served upon him or her, the magistrate shall deliver him or her into the custody of the sheriff for the purpose of immediate booking and the recording of identification data, whereupon the sheriff shall deliver the defendant back before the magistrate for the purpose of giving bail.
(b) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 27.

 Section 1284 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1284.
 (a) When the offense charged is not punishable with death, the officer serving the bench warrant must, if required, take the defendant before a magistrate in the county in which it is issued, or in which he or she is arrested, for the purpose of a pretrial release hearing. If the defendant appears before such magistrate without the bench warrant having been served upon him or her, the magistrate shall deliver him or her into the custody of the sheriff for the purpose of immediate booking and the recording of identification data, whereupon the sheriff shall deliver the defendant back before the magistrate for the purpose of a pretrial release hearing.
(b) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 28.

 Section 1288 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1288.
 (a) The provisions contained in Sections 1279, 1280, 1280a, and 1281, in relation to bail before indictment, apply to bail after indictment.
(b) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 29.

 Section 1289 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1289.
 (a) After a defendant has been admitted to bail upon an indictment or information, the court in which the charge is pending may, upon good cause shown, either increase or reduce the amount of bail. If the amount be increased, the court may order the defendant to be committed to actual custody, unless he or she give bail in such increased amount. If application be made by the defendant for a reduction of the amount, notice of the application must be served upon the district attorney.
(b) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 30.

 Section 1289 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1289.
 (a) After a defendant has been released from custody upon an indictment or information pursuant to Section 1275a, the court in which the charge is pending may, upon a change in circumstances, amend the release order to change the conditions of release, including the amount of any monetary bail. If, upon motion of the prosecuting attorney, the amount of monetary bail is increased, the court shall set bail in accordance with subdivision (c) of Section 1275a. If the defendant requests a change in the conditions of release, notice of the request shall be served upon the prosecuting attorney.
(b) If the defendant has not retained counsel, the court shall offer to appoint counsel for purposes of this section. If the defendant requests that counsel be appointed, or if the court finds that the defendant is not competent to represent himself or herself, the court shall appoint counsel.
(c)
 This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 31.

 Section 1295 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1295.
 (a) The defendant, or any other person, at any time after an order admitting the defendant to bail or after the arrest and booking of a defendant for having committed a misdemeanor, instead of giving bail may deposit, with the clerk of the court in which the defendant is held to answer or notified to appear for arraignment, the sum mentioned in the order or, if no order, in the schedule of bail previously fixed by the judges of the court, and, upon delivering to the officer in whose custody defendant is a certificate of the deposit, the defendant shall be discharged from custody.
(b) Where more than one deposit is made with respect to any charge in any accusatory pleading based upon the acts supporting the original charge as a result of which an earlier deposit was made, the defendant shall receive credit in the amount of any earlier deposit.
(c) The clerk of the court shall not accept a general assistance check for this deposit or any part thereof.
(d) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 32.

 Section 1295 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1295.
 (a) The defendant, at any time after an order admitting the defendant to bail pursuant to Section 1275a, instead of giving bail may deposit, with the clerk of the court in which the defendant is held to answer or notified to appear for arraignment, the sum mentioned in the order or a percentage of the sum mentioned in the order, not to exceed 10 percent, and, upon delivering to the officer in whose custody defendant is a certificate of the deposit, the defendant shall be discharged from custody.
(b) Where more than one deposit is made with respect to any charge in any accusatory pleading based upon the acts supporting the original charge as a result of which an earlier deposit was made, the defendant shall receive credit in the amount of any earlier deposit.
(c) The clerk of the court shall not accept a general assistance check for this deposit or any part thereof.
(d) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 33.

 Section 1318 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1318.
 (a) The defendant shall not be released from custody under an own recognizance until the defendant files with the clerk of the court or other person authorized to accept bail a signed release agreement which includes:
(1) The defendant’s promise to appear at all times and places, as ordered by the court or magistrate and as ordered by any court in which, or any magistrate before whom the charge is subsequently pending.
(2) The defendant’s promise to obey all reasonable conditions imposed by the court or magistrate.
(3) The defendant’s promise not to depart this state without leave of the court.
(4) Agreement by the defendant to waive extradition if the defendant fails to appear as required and is apprehended outside of the State of California.
(5) The acknowledgment of the defendant that he or she has been informed of the consequences and penalties applicable to violation of the conditions of release.
(b) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 34.

 Section 1318 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1318.
 (a) The defendant shall not be released from custody under his or her own recognizance with no further conditions, or released with a further condition or conditions, until the defendant files with the clerk of the court or other person authorized to accept bail a signed release agreement which includes:
(1) The defendant’s promise to appear at all times and places, as ordered by the court or magistrate and as ordered by any court in which, or any magistrate before whom the charge is subsequently pending.
(2) The defendant’s promise to obey all reasonable conditions imposed by the court or magistrate.
(3) The defendant’s promise not to depart this state without leave of the court.
(4) Agreement by the defendant to waive extradition if the defendant fails to appear as required and is apprehended outside of the State of California.
(5) The acknowledgment of the defendant that he or she has been informed of the consequences and penalties applicable to violation of the conditions of release.
(b) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 35.

 Section 1318.1 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1318.1.
 (a) A court, with the concurrence of the board of supervisors, may employ an investigative staff for the purpose of recommending whether a defendant should be released on his or her own recognizance.
(b) Whenever a court has employed an investigative staff pursuant to subdivision (a), an investigative report shall be prepared in all cases involving a violent felony, as described in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, or a felony in violation of subdivision (a) of Section 23153 of the Vehicle Code, recommending whether the defendant should be released on his or her own recognizance. The report shall include all of the following:
(1) Written verification of any outstanding warrants against the defendant.
(2) Written verification of any prior incidents where the defendant has failed to make a court appearance.
(3) Written verification of the criminal record of the defendant.
(4) Written verification of the residence of the defendant during the past year.
After the report is certified pursuant to this subdivision, it shall be submitted to the court for review, prior to a hearing held pursuant to Section 1319.
(c) The salaries of the staff are a proper charge against the county.
(d) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 36.

 Section 1318.1 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1318.1.
 (a) Each county shall establish a pretrial services agency, which shall be responsible for gathering information about newly arrested defendants, conducting risk assessments on pretrial defendants, preparing individually tailored recommendations to the court regarding release options and conditions, and providing pretrial services and supervision to defendants on pretrial release. Pretrial services agencies shall do all of the following:
(1) Use methods that research has proven to be effective in reducing unnecessary detention while ensuring court appearance and the safety of the community during the pretrial stage.
(2) Assist defendants on pretrial release in remaining free from custody and to employ the least restrictive interventions and practices.
(3) Ensure that services provided are culturally and linguistically competent.
(4) Ensure that all policies and practices are developed and applied to reduce or eliminate bias based on race, ethnicity, national origin, immigration status, gender, religion, and sexual orientation.
(b) Each county shall develop a pretrial services agency. The agency shall follow the standards and guidelines set by the Judicial Councilpursuant to Sections 1318.2 and 1318.3, as well as current best practices and standards for pretrial services agencies and professionals.
(c) Pretrial services agencies shall make every effort to assist pretrial defendants with complying with their conditions of release and to address noncompliance with pretrial services requirements administratively.
(d) Pretrial services agencies shall, at a minimum, notify released defendants of their court dates.
(e) In carrying out its duties, pretrial services agencies may do any of the following:
(1) Through appropriate referral, and at the request of a defendant, assist a defendant released pretrial to access medical, legal, and social services that would increase the chances of successful compliance with conditions of pretrial release.
(2) Coordinate the services of community release projects, other agencies, nonprofit organizations, or individuals that serve as third-party custodians for released defendants.
(f) When ordered by the court, a pretrial service agency shall monitor the compliance of released defendants with ordered release conditions through appropriate supervision. In supervising pretrial defendants, pretrial services agencies shall utilize the least restrictive interventions and practices to promote compliance with court-ordered conditions.
(g) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 37.

 Section 1318.2 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1318.2.
 (a) The Judicial Council shall do all of the following:
(1) Adopt a Rule of Court regarding the proper use of pretrial risk assessment information by judicial officer when making pretrial release and detention decisions. The rule shall address the necessity and frequency of validation of risk assessment tools on local populations.
(2) Adopt a Rule of Court regarding the imposition of pretrial release terms and conditions, including designation of risk levels or categories.
(3) Train judges on the use of pretrial risk assessment information when making pretrial release and detention decisions, and on the imposition of pretrial release terms and conditions.
(4) Compile and maintain in a list of validated pretrial risk assessment tools that are available in the public domain.
(b) Courts shall provide, at a minimum, the following data to the Judicial Council at least two times per year as directed by the Judicial Council:
(1) The number of individuals assessed using a pretrial risk assessment tool.
(2) The number of individuals released on their own recognizance without further conditions.
(3) The number of individuals released subject to further conditions.
(4) The number of individuals detained pretrial.
(5) The number of individuals released pretrial who fail to appear at a scheduled court appearance.
(c) When possible, the courts shall provide the following data to the Judicial Council:
(1) Demographic data of those released and detained, including race or ethnicity and gender.
(2) Other data necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of pretrial programs as identified by the Judicial Council.
(d) (1) The Judicial Council shall provide a biennial report to the Legislature that includes the information contained in paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) and subdivisions (b) and (c).
(2) A report to be submitted pursuant to this subdivision shall be submitted in compliance with Section 9795 of the Government Code.
(e) Each county’s pretrial services agency, in coordination with the trial court and local law enforcement agencies shall provide data two times a year as directed by the Judicial Council regarding the following:
(1) The number of individuals on pretrial release who are charged with a new crime while on pretrial release.
(2) The number of individuals on pretrial release who are charged with a new violent crime while on pretrial release.
(f) The Judicial Council shall review data collected to inform its duties under this section in a manner that is consistent with state law and best practices related to pretrial release.
(g) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 38.

 Section 1318.3 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

1318.3.
 (a) For purposes of this section, the following terms have the following meanings:
(1) “Pretrial risk assessment tool” is the objective, standardized analysis of information about an arrested person that accurately measures the person’s probability of appearing in court as required and the person’s potential risk of criminal conduct while on pretrial release pending trial.
(2) “Pretrial services report” is a report containing the results of the pretrial risk assessment tool and the pretrial services agency’s recommendations on conditions of release.
(3) “Validated” means developed through peer-reviewed research and statistical analysis and proven to produce results that are accurate, based on the characteristics of the population being assessed, in predicting the likelihood that a person will fail to appear for trial or act as a threat to the safety of the community during the period of time between the initial arrest and the subsequent trial for the offense.
(b) A pretrial risk assessment tool used for pretrial decisionmaking under Sections 1269b, 1275, and 1275a shall meet all of the following specifications:
(1) It shall be objective, standardized, and developed based on analysis of empirical data and risk factors relevant to the risk of failure to appear in court when required and risk to public safety.
(2) It shall be consistent with and guided by current research and evidence-based best practices.
(3) It shall be regularly validated according to current best practices and standards to ensure that it accurately predicts risk of failure to appear in court and risk to public safety.
(4) Consistent with paragraph (3), it shall be regularly validated and adjusted, as appropriate, to ensure that the assessment tool is equally accurate across all racial groups, ethnic groups, and genders. The validation study shall include testing for predictive bias, and disparate results by race, ethnicity, and gender. The tool shall be adjusted to ensure accuracy and to minimize disparate results.
(5) It shall not include race, ethnicity, national origin, immigration status, gender, religion, sexual orientation, education level, employment status, socioeconomic status, arrests that did not lead to conviction, or housing status as factors used in assessing risk or determining a risk score or level.
(6) Consistent with paragraph (3), it shall give appropriate weight to factors, including criminal history, in a manner that ensures accuracy while minimizing racial and economic disparities.
(7) It shall not require an in-person interview of an arrested person, however, the pretrial services agency may, if necessary and for administrative purposes only, ask the arrested person to identify a place of residence.
(c) Each county shall select a validated risk assessment tool that meets the requirements of subdivision (b). The agency responsible for pretrial assessment shall make an annual report to the Judicial Council of California, demonstrating that the tool meets the requirements of subdivision (b).
(d) Pursuant to Sections 1269b and 1275a, the pretrial services agency shall conduct a pretrial risk assessment using the pretrial risk assessment tool selected by the county pursuant to subdivision (c).
(e) (1) The pretrial services agency shall prepare a pretrial services report following the administration of the pretrial risk assessment tool that contains the results of the pretrial risk assessment tool, the offense charged, and a recommendation for release under Section 1318 without further conditions or release subject to the least restrictive further condition or conditions that will reasonably ensure the arrested person’s appearance in court as required and public safety.
(2) The pretrial services agency shall provide copies of its report to the court, the prosecuting attorney, and to counsel for the arrested person or, if the person is not represented, to the defendant.
(3) The report shall not be used for any purpose other than that provided for in this section and Sections 1269b and 1275a.
(f) Judges, magistrates, and commissioners who make pretrial release decisions shall be trained in the proper use of the information contained in a pretrial services report, including the results of the risk assessment.
(g) Pretrial services staff who administer pretrial risk assessment tools shall be trained in conducting the pretrial risk assessment tool and interpreting the results.
(h) Each county shall make publicly available its risk assessment tool guidelines, factors, weights, studies, data upon which validation studies rely, and information about how a risk assessment tool was renormed.
(i) It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this section to reduce racial, ethnic, and gender bias and disparate impact in pretrial release decisionmaking.
(j) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2020.

SEC. 39.

 Section 1319 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1319.
 (a) No person arrested for a violent felony, as described in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, may be released on his or her own recognizance until a hearing is held in open court before the magistrate or judge, and until the prosecuting attorney is given notice and a reasonable opportunity to be heard on the matter. In all cases, these provisions shall be implemented in a manner consistent with the defendant’s right to be taken before a magistrate or judge without unreasonable delay pursuant to Section 825.
(b) A defendant charged with a violent felony, as described in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, shall not be released on his or her own recognizance where it appears, by clear and convincing evidence, that he or she previously has been charged with a felony offense and has willfully and without excuse from the court failed to appear in court as required while that charge was pending. In all other cases, in making the determination as to whether or not to grant release under this section, the court shall consider all of the following:
(1) The existence of any outstanding felony warrants on the defendant.
(2) Any other information presented in the report prepared pursuant to Section 1318.1. The fact that the court has not received the report required by Section 1318.1, at the time of the hearing to decide whether to release the defendant on his or her own recognizance, shall not preclude that release.
(3) Any other information presented by the prosecuting attorney.
(c) The judge or magistrate who, pursuant to this section, grants or denies release on a person’s own recognizance, within the time period prescribed in Section 825, shall state the reasons for that decision in the record. This statement shall be included in the court’s minutes. The report prepared by the investigative staff pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 1318.1 shall be placed in the court file for that particular matter.
(d) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.

SEC. 40.

 Section 1319.5 of the Penal Code is amended to read:

1319.5.
 (a) No person described in subdivision (b) who is arrested for a new offense may be released on his or her own recognizance until a hearing is held in open court before the magistrate or judge.
(b) Subdivision (a) shall apply to the following:
(1) Any person who is currently on felony probation or felony parole.
(2) Any person who has failed to appear in court as ordered, resulting in a warrant being issued, three or more times over the three years preceding the current arrest, except for infractions arising from violations of the Vehicle Code, and who is arrested for any of the following offenses:
(A) Any felony offense.
(B) Any violation of the California Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act (Chapter 11 (commencing with Section 186.20) of Title 7 of Part 1).
(C) Any violation of Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 240) of Title 8 of Part 1 (assault and battery).
(D) A violation of Section 484 (theft).
(E) A violation of Section 459 (burglary).
(F) Any offense in which the defendant is alleged to have been armed with or to have personally used a firearm.
(c) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2020, and as of that date is repealed.